Campanulaceae

Campanula tridentata

Campanula L. Campanula tridentata SCHREBER Ömür: Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 5 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: kayalık yamaçlar, çağıllıklar, alpin çayırlık, taşlı otlaklar Minimum yükseklik: 860 Maksimum yükseklik: 3400 Endemik: - Element: Karadeniz (Dağ) Türkiye dağılımı: K. ve D. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: Kafkasya Bulunduğu kareler:A7 A8 A9 B6 B7 B8 B10 C3 C9

C. tridentata Schreber, Icon. Descr. PI. Dec. 1:3, t. 2 (1766). Syn: C. bieber-steiniana Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 5:147 (1819)! C. bithynica A.DC. in DC, Prodr. 7:460 (1839)! C. tridens Rupr. in Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Pétersb. 11:175 (1867); C. tridens Rupr. var. araratica Rupr., loc. cit. (1867); C. tridentata   Schreber var. stenophylla Boiss., Fl, Or. 3:904 (1875)! C. tridentata Schreber var. gracilis Fomin in Fl. Cauc. Crit. 4(6):51 (1906)! lc: A.DC, Monogr. Camp.: t. 10 f. 1 (1830); Fl. U RSS 24: t. 15 f. 3 (1957), as C. biebersteiniana.   Sparsely pubescent perennial with thick branched rhizome, forming compact cushions. Flowering stems erect-ascending, 4-7(-15) cm, 1-flowered, sparsely leafy. Basal leaves in a dense rosette, oblanceolate, oblong-spathulate, 15-30 x 3-7 mm, narrowed into petiole to 2.5 cm, entire but often 3-dentate at apex, rarely rounded, ± lanate, ciliate at margin, rarely pubescent on surface; cauline few, sessile, linear-lanceolate. Flowers erect, terminal. Calyx lobes lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, erect, 6-15 mm, acute or obtuse, with ciliate margin, often violet-tinged. Appendages ovate, obtuse, longer than shortly obconical, glabrous ovary, lanate or with ciliate margin. Corolla campanulate, (i-)l .5-2.5(-3.5) x 2 cm, divided to⅓ , glabrous, rarely ± ciliate outside, blue or blue-violet. Style ± included. Stigmas 3, short. Capsule pendulous. Seeds oblong, flattened, 2 x 1 mm, light brown, with narrow maŕgin. Fl. 5-8. Rocky slopes, screes, alpine meadows, stony pastures, (860-) 1800-3400 m.   Type: [Turkey] Cappadocia, Tournefort.   Mainly N. & E. Anatolia; rare in S.W. A7 Giresun: Balaban Da. (Kilinç Tepe) above Tamdere, 2700-2900 m. D. 20455! A8 Çoruh: Tiryal Da. above Murgul, 2400 m, D. 29978! A9 Kars: S.W. side of Kisir Da., 2700 m, D. 30499! B6 Sivas: Yildiz Da., 2300 m, Sorger 69-58-6! B7 Erzincan: Sipikör Da., 1830 m, Sint. 1889:1143! B8 Erzurum: by lake nr Mesçit Da., S. of Ispir, 3000 m, Barclay 899! B10 Ağri: Doğubayazit, Hama Da, 2800 m, T. Baytop (ISTE 4857). C3 Antalya: Çubuk Boğazi, 3 km S. of Hafispaşa, 860 m, Hub.-Mor. 15720! C9 Siirt: Agerov Da., 3660 m, Kotschy 1859:655! Caucasia. Euxine (mt.) element? C. tridentata belongs to a taxonomically difficult group of closely allied, usually very variable species, mainly distributed in Caucasia. C. tridentata varies greatly in leaf form and size (the typical 3-dentate apex is not always developed), size, form and indumentum of the calyx lobes, and size of the corolla. Plants with larger corollas (3-4 cm) and longer, broadly lanceolate, obtuse calyx lobes have been described from the Caucasus as C. bieber-steiniana Roemer & Schultes (for discussion see Fedorov in Fl. URSS 24:258-261, 1957). These plants are completely linked by transitional forms with C. tridentata. Extensive hybridization seems to occur between C. tridentata and C. aucheri. The hybrids have ± ciliate corollas and apparently fertile pollen. C. bithynica A.DC, described from the Armenian Olympus (Keşiş Da.), not the Bithynian Olympus as wrongly indicated by De Candolle (Prodr. 7:460, 1839), belongs to such a hybrid population. The whole group is in need of revision including cultivation and crossing experiments.