Asteraceae

Carthamus tinctorius

Carthamus L. Carthamus tinctorius L. Ömür: Tek yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 7 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: kültür, nadas tarlası Minimum yükseklik: 1000 Maksimum yükseklik: 1300 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Karasal Anadolu Genel dağılımı: D. Akdeniz, Afganistan, Hindistan, K. Amerika Bulunduğu kareler:A5 B5 B7 C3 C9

C. tinctorius L., Sp. Pl. 830 (1753). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 15: t. 746 (1852).   Plant 25-45 cm. Stems glabrous, shining white. Cauline leaves glabrous, green, 3-9 x 1-2 cm, ovate to linear, sessile, margins entire to finely spiny-serrate. Capitula in loose corymbs. Outer phyllaries ovate, shorter than to slightly exceeding inner; inner arachnoid, acuminate. Flowers vermilion to orange-yellow. All achenes epappose. Fl. 7-8. Cultivated as a crop, and possibly in fallow fields, 1000-1300 m.   Described from Egypt (Hb. Cliff.!).   Mainly Inner Anatolia. A5 Amasya: Merzifon, 1904, Maniss.! B5 Yozgat: Kayseri to Yozgat, 1300 m, Bornm. 1890:2249. Kayseri: Bünyan, T.Baytop (ISTE 23109)! B7 Elaziğ: Buzluk, E. of Harput, viii 1891, Chiovenda. C3 Isparta: 18 km W. of Eğridir, 1000 m, Sorger 68-33-5! C9 Siirt: E. of Siirt, Nábělek 3713.   Not known in the wild state, but widely cultivated in the E. Mediterranean, Afghanistan, India and California for its oil. The crop is also grown in some parts for the red dye, safflower carmine, obtained from the dried flowers. In Turkish 'aspir', 'boyaci aspiri' or 'yalanci safran'. A.Baytop (in litt.) records C. tinctorius from Eskişehir, Afyon, Kütahya, Çankiri, Ankara, Urfa, Gaziantep and Erzurum; the oil is used in painting and the flowers are an adulterant in saffron.