Asteraceae

Centaurea iberica

Centaurea L. Centaurea iberica TREV. EX SPRENGEL Ömür: Tek, İki, Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: tarla, yolkenarı, boş alan Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 2300 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Türkiye Genel dağılımı: Balkanlar, Kırım, GB. ve O. Asya Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 B1 B2 B3 B4 B8 B9 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10

C. iberica Trev. ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 3:406 (1826). Syn: Calcitrapa iberica (Sprengel) Schur, Enum. PL Transs. 409 (1866); Centaurea iberica Sprengel var. brevispina Freyn & Sint. in Öst. Bot. Zeitschr. 44:259 (1894)! C. pallescens Del. var. iberica (Sprengel) Gugler & Thell. in Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Hung. 6:209 (1908). Ic: Jáv. & Csap., Ic. Fl. Hung. f. 3897 (1933); Fl. RPR 9: t. 163 (1964). Annual to biennial, 20-80(-100) cm, repeatedly branched from near base, branches mostly arising a short distance below terminal capitula and overtopping their relative main-axis.   Leaves sparsely hairy; lower petiolate, pinnatifid to pinnatipartite or lyrate with up to 6 pairs of denticulate (to pinnatifid) lanceolate lateral segments; median similar, but sessile and with fewer lateral segments; upper lyrate with 1-2 pairs of lateral segments or lanceolate and entire or with few coarse teeth. Involucre (10-)13-18 x (7-)9-12(-15) mm, ovoid to cup-shaped. Appendage (of the two middle rows of phyllaries) a pungent straw-coloured spine of variable length, (5-)10-25(-30) mm, with (l-)2-3 pairs of spinules at base,' adjacent margin of phyllaries with a narrow hyaline border. Flowers pale pink, marginal not radiant. Achenes 3-4 mm; pappus l-2.5(-3) mm. Fl. 6-8. Fields, roadsides, waste land, s.I.-2300 m.   Described from 'Armenia, Caucas.'.   Widespread. A1(E) Edirne:Edime, A. Baytop (ISTE 14009)! A1(A) Çanakkale: Dardanelles, nr Dardanum, Sint. 1883:708! A2(E) Istanbul: Selimpaşa, A.Baytop (ISTE 11746)! A3 Bolu: Bolu, 710 m, Wagenitz & Beug 80! A4 Ankara: 5.5 km E. of Çubuk, Battler 15545! A5 Kastamonu: Tosya, Sint. 1892:4913 (type of var. brevispma)! A6 Ordu: 6 km W. of Ünye, 10 m, Sorger 69-21-9! A7 Trabzon: Trabzon, Sint. 1889:1412! A8 Rize: Rize, .Post 2001! Bl Izmir: Selçuk, Peşmen 782! B2 Kütahya: plain of Simav, 850 m, E. Anglia Exped. C9!  Eskişehir: Eskişehir to Sazova, Scheibe 1136! B4 Konya: 3 km from Cihanbeyli to Tuz G., 900 m, Dudley (D. 35939)! B8 Erzurum: 4 km N. of Erzurum, 1800 m, D. 47487! B9 Van: Van, D. 23276! C2 Denizli: 40 km W. of Tefenni, 900 m, Sorger 68-21-3! C3 Antalya: Söğüt Kumasi, road from Antalya to Finike, 1350 m, Khan et al. 261! C4 Konya: Ermenek, Péronin 128! C5 Niğde: Ala Da., Maden, 1550 m, Ellenberg 31a! C6 Hatay: Antakya, Reyhanli, Regei (EGE 8242)! C7 Adiyaman: 5 km from Adiyaman to Samsat, Alava 6988! C8 Diyar-bakir: 17 km from Diyarbakir to Silvan, 770 m, Hub.-Mor. 10890. C9 Hakkari: Koçanis, 2300 m, D. 24331! C10 Hakkari: Yüksekova, 1950 m, Duncan & Tait 173! Is: Kos, between Pili and Kardamena, Rech. 7993!   Balkans, Crimea, S.W. & C. Asia. Rather variable in its leaf shape, form of involucre and length of phyllary spines. As there seems to be a continuous variation of spine length without geographic correlation, maintenance of var. brevispina Freyn & Sint. is not justified. C. iberica is variously denoted as an annual or biennial in the Floras. Presumably - as observed in the reiated C. calcitrapa by Lanza (Atti Accad. Sci. Lett., Palermo 15, 1930) - most of the plants develop rosettes of leaves during the winter, fruiting the next autumn (winter-annuals), while some specimens are true biennials flowering one summer later (rarely even once more).