Asteraceae

Centaurea solstitialis subsp.solstitialis

Centaurea L. Centaurea solstitialis L. subsp. solstitialis L. Ömür: Tek yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: Pinus ormanı, kurak yamaç, nadas tarla, boş alan Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 1900 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Türkiye Genel dağılımı: G. Avrupa, G. Rusya, Kırım, Kafkasya, Lübnan, İran, B. ve O. Avrupa, Amerika Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A8 B1 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9

C. solstitialls L., Sp. PL 2:917 (1753).   Annual, 15-60 cm, adpressed-tomentose. Basal and lower leaves (mostly withered at flowering time) lyrate to pinnatipartite with 3-4 pairs of lateral segments, median and upper lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, lobed or toothed to entire, decurrent into narrow entire wings. Involucre (11-) 13-16 x (6-)8-12(-15) mm, arachnoid-tomentose. Appendage a patent straw-coloured or red 8-25(-30) mm spine, with 2-3 spinules (2-4 mm) on each side at base, outer phyllaries with short spinules. Flowers yellow or pink, marginal not radiant. Achenes 2-3 mm, dimorphic: marginal dull, blackish, without pappus; central glossy, greyish to brown, with white pappus, 3-4(-5) mm. Fl. 6-8. Pinus forests, dry slopes, fallow elds, waste places, s.l.-1900 m. 1. Flowers pink subsp. carneola 1. Flowers yellow    2. Spines straw-coloured (sometimes brown near base), usually over 15 mm subsp. solstitialis    2. Spines (and spinules) suffused with red, slender,-mostly shorter than 15 mm subsp. pyracantha subsp. solstitialis. Syn: Calcitrapa solstitialis (L.) Lam., Fl. Fr. 2:34 (1778); Centaurea adamiWiWd., Sp. PL 3:2310(1803). Ic: Fiori, Iα Fl. Ital. ed. 3: f. 3668 (1933); Fl. RPR 9: t. 163, f. 1 (1964). Figure 3, p. 11. Described from France, England and Italy (Hb. Linn. 1030/59). Widespread. A1(E) Kirklareli: between Lüleburgaz and Pinarhisar, A. Baytop (ISTE 13302)! A2(E) Istanbul: E. of Domuzdere, 17 vii 1905, B.Post! A2(A) Kocaeli: c. 30 km from Üsküdar to Izmit, 50 m, McNeill 219! A3 Bolu: Bolu, 710 m, Wagenitz & Beug 120! A4 Zonguldak: Karabük, 300 m, D. 38962! A5 Amasya: Amasya, 350-500 m, Bornm. 1889:1502! A7 Gürnüşane: Kelkit to Köse, 1550 m, D. 31972! A8 Erzurum: 3 km from Dumlu to Tortum, 1800 m, 30 vii 1969, Ozbay! Bl Balikesir (?): Seitinly, Sint. 1883:551 p.p.! B3 Afyon: 72.5 km from Afyon to Sivrihisar, 980 m, Buttler 15518! B4 Ankara: 10 km S. of Ankara, 28 vi 1963, M.Zohary & Orshan! B5/6 Kayseri: between Kayseri & Pinarbaşi, 17 vi 1964, M.Zohary &Plitm. (atypical)! B6 Sivas: 80 km from Sivas to Suşehri, 1720 m, Buttler 15631! B7 Sivas: 8 km N.E. of Divriği, 1200 m, Sorger 70-31-8! B8 Muş: 8 km N. of Muş, 1400 m, D. 46120! B9 Bitlis: Tatvan, 1900 m, Tong 41! Cl Izmir: Kuşadasi, 20 m, Sorger 67-43-46! C2 Denizli: E. of Pamukkale, 400 m, Sorger 67-40-5! C3 Antalya: nr Elmali Beli, vii 1969, Fitz & Spitz.! C4 Konya: Konya to Çumra, Küçük Köy, 980 m, Helbaek 2591 ! C5 Niğde: Ala Da., Maden, 1550 m, Ellenberg 10! C6 Adana: Göksu gorge below Himmetli, 700-800 m, D. 19817! C8 Mardin: Binibil, Sint. 1888:1203! C9 Hakkari: Zab gorge, 32-45 km from Çukurca to Hakkari, 900-1000 m, D 44779!   Is: Lesvos, Rech. 1216; Khios, Platt 359! Kalimnos, Rech. 7829; Nisiros, Papatsou 184; Rodhos, nr Lindos, 300 m, Rech. 8435! S. Europe, S. Russia, Crimea, Caucasia, Lebanon, Iran. Introduced in W. and C. Europe, America. A few specimens have very short spines and approach var. adami (Willd.) Heuff., but in most cases this seems to be environmentally conditioned.