Boraginaceae

Cynoglossum montanum

Cynoglossum L. Cynoglossum montanum L. Ömür: İki yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 4 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: Quercus ve Juniperus çalılığı, bozkır, kayalık yamaçlar, çayırlıklar, kenarlar Minimum yükseklik: 360 Maksimum yükseklik: 2200 Endemik: Element: Avrupa-Sibirya Türkiye dağılımı: Dış ve O. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: G. Avrupa, Doğuya GB. Asya'dan K. ve KB. İran'a Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A8 B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B8 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

C. montanum L., Amoen. Acad. 3:402 (1756). Syn: C. dioscoridis auct. non Vill. (1779), et sensu Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 3 :166 (1841) p.p.; C. nebrodense auct. non Guss. (1827); C. parvifolium C.Koch in Linnaea 22:645 (1849); C. montanum L. subsp. linnaeanum Brand, op. cit. 127 (1921) p.p. et subsp. extraeuropaeum Brand, op. cit. 127-128 (1921) incl. all vars.; C. teheranicum H. Riedl in Öst. Bot. Zeitschr. 110:512 t. 1 (1963)! (Incl. C. hungaricum Simonkai in Term. Füz. 151 (1878).) Ic: Bonnier, Fl. Compl. Fr., Suisse et Belg. 8: t. 426 (1926); Jâv. & Csap., Ic. Fl. Hung. t. 408 f. 2785 (1932), as C. hungaricum. Figure 7, p. 241.   Biennial, ± softly patent- or adpressed-hirsute, (15-)30-50 cm. Leaves usually ± hirsute, sometimes glabrescent, lamina ± narrowly linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, lower petiolate, to 20 cm, upper sessile, usually erect and ± adpressed to stem. Cymes few, ebracteate, lax in fruit. Calyx (2.4-)3.5-4.9(-6.3) mm in flower. Corolla dark maroon to deep pink, very rarely bluish, (4.0-)4.8-6.5 (-8.0) mm, cylindrical to infundibular; scales subquadrate, their bases c. 1 mm above insertion of anthers. Nutlets 4-6 mm diam., immarginate; dorsal surface flat to convex, less densely glochidiate than lateral and ventral surfaces, with or without scattered small tubercles between glochids. Fl. 4-8. Quercus and Juniperus scrub, steppe, rocky slopes, meadows, banks, 360-2200 m.   Described from C. Abruzzi, Italy. There is no specimen extant in the Linnaean herbaria.   Outer & C. Anatolia. A1(A) Balikesir: Kaz Da., 1370 m, A.Baytop (ISTE 20795). A2(A) Bursa: Ulu Da., 2130 m, 7 viii 1972, Shmida & Luria! A3 Bolu: Abant Yölü, Sezik et al. 541(!). A4 Kastamonu: llgaz Da., 1780 m, Edmondson 479! A5 Kastamonu: llgaz Da., E. of pass, 2000 m, Darrah 54 (flowers bluish)! A5/6 Amasya: Amasya, 360-400 m, Bornm. 1889:751(!). A8 Çoruh: Pertatrek (Peterek), C.Koch (type of C. parvifolium). Bl Balikesir: mt. Ida (Kaz Da.), Kapu-dagh, Sint. 1883:689! B2 Kütahya: Murat Da. above Banaz, Coode & Jones 2474! B3 Eskişehir: Eskişehir to Sündiken Da., 600 m, Ekim 328(!). B5 Kayseri: Bakir Da. nr Akoluk Y. above Kisge, 1800 m, D. 19356! B6 Yozgat: above Yukari Çulhali, 2100 m, Coode & Jones 2051! B8 Muş: Muş to Erzurum, 26 km N. of Muş, 1300-1500 m, M.Zohary 57147! C2 Muğla: Girdev G., D. 13760! C3 lsparta: W. of Yenisarbademli, 1200 m, Sorger 67-10-3! C4 lçel: 43 km N. of Mut, 1600 m, Sorger 66-34-48! C5 lçel: Gülek Tepesi, Siehe 1896: 415! C6 Maraş: Koyunoluk Da. between Maraş and Göksun, 1200 m, D. 27579! S. Europe, S. W. Asia eastward to N. & N. W. Iran. Euro-Sib. element. Kovanda (in Fl. Europaea 3:119, 1972) separated European material of C. hungaricum from C. montanum by its fruiting pedicels longer than calyx, and by scales not reaching beyond base of corolla lobes. The pedicel character breaks down in abundant Turkish material and may simply be an age effect. The scale character is relatively constant in Turkish material but its correlation with the pedicel character, said to occur in Europe, does not hold in Turkey. While it is probable that both C. montanum and C. hungaricum occur in Turkey, in the majority of specimens the distinguishing characters do not hold. The difficulty in separating Turkish material may be due to introgression: further studies are needed, as the species are distinct in the European part of their range.