Apiaceae

Daucus carota

Daucus carota

Daucus carota

Daucus L. Daucus carota L. Ömür: İki yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 0 Habitat: çayırlar, yamaçlar, kumlu kumlar, tarlalar Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 2000 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Türkiye Genel dağılımı: Dünya Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A8 B1 B4 B9 B10 C1 C2 C3 C6 C8

D. carota L., Sp. PI. 242 (1753). Syn: D. gingidium L.,loc. cit. Ic: Ross-Craig, Draw. Brit. PI. 13: t. 24 (1959).   Biennial, stems usually branched, 10-200 cm, setose, hispid or almost glabrous. Leaves (l-)2-3-pinnate, the segments very variably dentate, pinnatifid or pinnati-sect, hairy or glabrous, rarely fleshy. Rays (8-)10-numerous, often inflexed in fruit. Bracts l-2-pinnatisect, often deflexed in flower and fruit. Petals white, pinkish or yellowish. Central flowers of the umbel sometimes sterile and reduced. Fruit 2-4 mm; spines on the secondary ridges not confluent at the base, shorter than the width of the mericarp. Fl. 6-9. Meadows, slopes, sand dunes, fields, etc., s.l-2000 m.   Described from Europe (Hb. Linn. 340/1, photo!). A very variable species, much divided by some authors; most of this work has been done on European material, of which the most recent treatment is that by Heywood in Flora Europaea 2:374 (1968), where 12 subspecies are recognized. The main feature used in dividing the complex into 2 groups is that of the state ofthe fruiting umbel: infiexcd and contracted or not; this division is essentially that used to separate D. carota sensu stricto from D. gingidium by some authors. Unfortunately it means that many specimens which are in flower cannot be readily identified. The relationships of the European and Turkish variants are obscure, and in need of further study. I have been able to distinguish 6 groups in the Turkish material available, and have treated them below as informal groups, giving such synonymy as seems well-established. Specimens without fruit are cited as a group at the end.   Group A. Tap root swollen, reddish (D. carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arc). The cultivated form of the species, widely grown in Turkey, but not well represented in herbaria: A2(E) Istanbul: Therapia, cult., 29 vi 1890, Azn.! A2(A) Kocaeli: Pendik, cult., Azn.!   Group B. Tall plants with strongly inflexed fruiting umbels, flowering umbel 5 cm or more in diam., and 2-3-pinnate leaves with narrow, linear ultimate segments (D. carota subsp. carota): A2(E) Istanbul: Baltaliman valley, 29 vii 1939, B. Post! A5 Kastamonu: Tosya: Sint. 1892:4759! A7 Giresun: 52 km S. of Giresun, M. & D. Zohary 192/2! Bl Manisa: Manisa, 16 vii 1951, Unal! B4 Ankara: N. of Ankara, M. & D. Zohary 23! B7 Elaziğ: nr. Tuzla, Sint. 1890:2930! B9 Van: Hoşap to Havasor, D. 23301 (very glaucous)! C2 Muğla: Dalaman, D. 13572! C5 Adana: d. Feke, Göksu gorge, 700 m, D. 19800! C8 Diyarbakir: 6 km S. of Diyarbakir, 600 m, M. Zohary & Plitm. 19604-7! C10 Hakkari: Zap gorge, 48 km S. of Başkale, D. 23855! Is: Kos, s.l., D. 40552!   Group C. Similar to B, but plants even larger, with ultimate leaf segments ± ovate, dentate (D. carota subsp. major (Vis.) Arc.): A1(E) Tekirdağ: Tekirdağ to Malkara, 200 m, D. 47808! A2(E) Istanbul: Baltaliman, B. Post! A2(A) Istanbul: Alem Da., 20 viii 1939, B. post! A3 Bolu: Abant G., 5 iv 1940, B. Post! A4 Zonguldak: Karabük, T. Baytop 14186! A5 Amasya: Amasya, Bornm. 1889:388! A6 Samsun: c. 3 km E. of Samsun, s.L, Tobey 846! A8 Çoruh: between Sarıgöl and Barhal, 900-950 m, D. 4"'679! Bl Balikesir: 23 km S. of Edremit, Sorger 67-46-8! B10 Kars: Aralik, 900 m, D. 47038! Cl Muğla: Nimara ad., s.L, Khan et al. 771 C3 Antalya: Antalya, s.l., Truman 250! C6 Hatay: Sersikol, Eig & M. Zohary!   Group D. Very large plants with flowering umbels 12-20 cm or more across, strongly contracted in fruit (D. maximus Desf.; D. carota subsp. maximus (Desf.) Ball). A2(E) Istanbul: Sariyer to Yerliköy, 21 vii 1901, Azn.! A2(A) Kocaeli: Pendik to Kartal, 11 vii 1897, Azn.! Bl Balikesir: Assos, Sint. 1883:731! Izmir: Izmir, Tanay! C3 Antalya (Pamphylia) Heldr.! C6 Adana: Toprakkale, Eig & M. Zohary ! C8 Mardin: Mardin, Sint. 1888:1060! Is: Rodhos, Rech. 7445!   Group E. Low, ascending plants, 5-15 cm, ultimate leaf segments ovate to ovate-oblong, broad, toothed; plants almost scapose; umbels less than 5 cm diam., contracted: A1(E) Kirklareli: Midye, A. & T. Baytop 11839! A2(E) Istanbul: Kilyos, 22 viii 1923, B. Post! A6 Ordu: Üniye to Terme, s.l., D. 24949!   Group F. Similar to E, but taller than 15 cm, and with the leaves more finely divided (D. carota subsp. maritimus (Lam.) Batt.). A2(E) Istanbul: Küçük Çekmece, 22 vi 1939, B. Post! A2(A) Istanbul: AlemDa., 20 viii 1939, B.Post! A3 Adapazari: Karasu. s.L, D. 39153! Bolu: Abant G., Khan et al. 545! A5 Samsun: Asar köy, 250 m, Tobey 2256! A8 Trabzon: above Çaykara, 500 m, D. 32109! Bl Balikesir: Marmara adasi, A. Baytop 13650! C2 Muğla: d. Marmaris, Er Köz, Khan et al. 46! C8 Diyarbakir: Diyarbakır, D. 23133!   The following specimens, in flower only, cannot be further identified: A1(E) Edirne: Uzunköprü, A. Baytop 14133! A4 Zonguldak: Balikisik, 150 m, D. 37988! A5 Sinop: Boyabat, T. Baytop 14207 (stems densely hispid)! A8 Erzurum: Tortum, T. Baytop 14363! Bl Balikesir: Marmara adasi, A. Baytop 13682 (very large leaf segments, and stems densely pilose-hispid)! Izmir: Ilica, Alava & Regel 4828! B4 Ankara: Ankara, vi 1963, Alinoğlul B9 Van: 48 km S. of Van, 2000 m, Tong 354! Cl/2 Muğla: Kerme Körfezi, s.L, Lambert & Thorp 501 !C3 Antalya: between Antalya and Çakirlar, s.L, D. 15417! Is: Khios, Platt 390!   Cultivated and naturalized throughout most of the world. Boissier records D. gummifer Lam. from Tokat; it is not certain what taxon this plant represents, as D. gummifer (D. carota subsp. gummifer Hook.) is endemic to the Atlantic coasts of Europe. The plant is described as 'umbella fructifera convexa', i.e. with an uncontracted umbel. There is no doubt that, being both weedy and late-flowering and fruiting, D. carota is under-collected in Turkey.