Orchidaceae

Epipactis helleborine

Epipactis ZINN Epipactis helleborine (L.) CRANTZ Ömür: Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 7 Habitat: koruluklar, çalılıklar Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 1800 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: GD. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: KB. Afrika, Avrupa, Sibirya, Kafkasya, Kıbrıs, B. Suriye, K. Irak Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10

E. helleborine (L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr.ed.2,2:467(1769)typ.cons. Syn: Serapias helleborine L. var. a latifolia L., Sp. PL 949, (1753);S. latifolia (L.) L.,Systemaed. 12,2:593(1769);E. lotifolia (L.) AIL,Fl.Pedem.2:151 (1785) nom. illegit.; E. macrosiachya lindley in Wallich, Cat. no. 7404 (1825); E. consimilu D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 28 (1825); E. pycnostachys C. Koch in linnaea 22:289 (1849). Ic: Hegi, 111. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 2(2):498, f. 702-705 (1939); Sunderm., Europ. Medit. Orchid, ed. 2:206, f. 34.1 (1975). Map 75.   Plant 40-100 cm. Leaves 5-12, ± spreading, ovate, less often lanceolate, acuminate, 5-15 x 3-5 cm. Raceme dense, usually more than 30-flowered. Perianth spreading, to 18 mm diam., pale green to red-purple. Petals yellowish-green, pink or purplish. Hypochile greenish, reddish or brownish within, with nectar. Epichile broadly ovate to broadly cordate, usually obtuse, yellowish-white, reddish or purplish with ± rugose, often very prominent callosities at base. Allogamous. Fl. 6-7. Woods, open scrub, s.l-1800 m.   Described from Europe. Lectotype (Vermeulen, op. cit. 239,1955): Haller, Hist. Stirp. Helv. 2: t. 40 (1768).   Widespread, but rare in S.E. Anatolia. A1(E) Tekirdağ: Saray to Midye, c. 50 m, T. Baytop (İSTE 11833)! A2(E) Istanbul: Domuzdere to Valide Bend (Beigrad forest), 3 vii 1892, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Polonezköy to Yeniciftlik, 24 vi 1940, B. Post! Bursa: nr Bursa, Thirke (type of E. pycnostachys). A3 Bolu: above Yedigöller, 1000 m, D. 37732! A4 Kastamonu: Kastamonu to Ilgaz, 1400 m, Khan et al. 687! A5 Sinop: c. 45 km N. of Gökçeağaç towards Ayancik, 400 m, Sunderm. & Taub. 76.670! A6 Amasya: Merzifon, 1905, Maniss.! A7 Trabzon: Maçka, 330 m, Balls 482! A8 Çoruh: Çoruh gorge between Artvin and Ardanuç, 800 m, D. 30055! A9 Çoruh: N. slope of Yalniz-çam pass, 1200-1400 m, Taub. 74.304! Bl Balıkesir: Kaz Da. nr Edremit, H. & E. Walter 526! B2 Izmir: 16 km N. of Birgi (Bozdağ), 1150 m, Taub. 76.163.2! B3 Eskişehir: nr Eskişehir, 440m,Ekim 694! B4 Ankara: Beynam forest, 1400 m, Akman 8345! B5 Kayseri: 11 km E. of Bakirdağ, 1460 m, Taub. 76.470.2! B6 Maraş: 41 km from Elbistan to Göksün, 1500 m, Taub. 76.444! B7 Erzincan: E. slope of Kizildağ to Refahiye, 1750 m, Taub. 76.493.3! B8 Bingöl: 40 km E. of Bingöl, 1350 m, Taub. 76.270! B9 Van: nr Çatak, Attila (ISTF 14278)! Cl Aydin: Samsun Da., A. & C. Nieschalk 1248! C2 Denizli: Honaz Da., 1200m,E.Tuzlaci(ISTE 22888)! C3 Antalya: Manavgat to Akseki, 38 km from main road junction, 575 m, Dudley (D. 35775)! C4 içel: 18 km E. of Mut, 1400 m, Sorger 71-17-18! C5 Niğde: Maden, river valley, Darrah 235! C6 Hatay: Soğukoluk, c. 500 m, Akman 3346! C8 Siirt: 8 km E. of Kurtalan, 600 m, Renz & Taub. 80.131! C9 Siirt: 25 km W.of Pervari, 1420 m, Taub. 81.201! C10 Hakkari: 29 km from Yüksekova to Şemdinli, 1800 m, Taub. 82.239! Is: Lesvos, Cand.;SamossRech. 3658k; Kos, Asfendiou, Vöth 851106.   N.W. Africa, most of Europe, Siberia, Caucasia, Cyprus, W. Syria, N. Iraq, N. & N.W. Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan; N. America. The nomenclature of this species is treated by Vermeulen (op. cit., 1955). In shady places the leaves are evenly spaced along the stem but in open habitats they are ±aggregated towards the base.