Asteraceae

Leucanthemum vulgare

Leucanthemum MILL. Leucanthemum vulgare LAM. Ömür: Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 7 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: orman açıklığı kenarları, bozulmuş çayırlıklar, dahil yakını yamaçlar Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 1100 Endemik: - Element: Avrupa-Sibirya Türkiye dağılımı: K. Türkiye Genel dağılımı: Ilıman Asya, Avrupa, Çin, K. Amerika Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A4 A7 A8 A9

L. vulgare Lam., Fl. Fr. 2:137 (1778), sensu lato. Syn: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Sp. Pl. 888 (1753); C. trapezuntinum Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 23:194, t. 9 f. 1 & 4 (1909); L. vulgare subsp. paphlagonicum Czeczott in Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 9:40 (1932). Ic: Hegi, I11. Fl. Mittel-Eur. 6(2): 610 (1928). Figure 7, p. 177.   Erect perennial. Stems 30-60 cm, glabrous or villous at base. Basal leaves obovate, 10-20 x 5-15 mm, crenately toothed orlobed, borne on 1.5-4 cm petioles; median 4-9 x 1-3 cm, spathulate or obovate, usually distally crenate, becoming entire and attenuate towards petiole, or coarsely serrate and sometimes pinna-tifid at base; upper smaller, linear-oblong, ± entire. Involucre 1-2 cm broad, glabrous; phyllaries lanceolate or oblong, 5-8 x 1.5 mm, with narrow or relatively broad (c. 0.75 mm) brown or whitish scarious margins. Ray flowers 20-25; ligules 10-17.5 x 2.5-4.5 mm, white. Disc flowers 3-3.5 mm. Achenes 2-2.5 mm, blackish with prominent pale-coloured ribs; ray achenes sometimes bearing short unilateral auricles up to 0.75 mm. Fl. 7-8. On open banks in forests, disturbed meadows and on slopes near seashore, s.l.-ll00 m.   Described from Europe (Hb. Cliff. 416/3!).   N. Turkey, local. A1(E) Kirklareli: Vize, Urumoff. A2(A) Istanbul: Alem Da., 2 vi 1895, Azn.! A4 Kastamonu: Küre, Sint. 1892:5009! Inebolu, D. 38548! A7 Trabzon: Vakfıkebir to Iskefiye, 43 km W. of Trabzon, s.l, Hub.-Mor. 15823! Giresun: 30 km W. of Trabzon, s.l., Rech. 37717! A8 Çoruh: ŞavvalTepe above Murgul, 1100 m, D. 32378! A8/9 Erzurum: Oltu, T.Baytop (ISTE 4782)!   Temperate Eurasia, from W. Europe to China; naturalized in N. America. Euro-Sib. element. A broad view of this species has been taken here because the characters that have been used to distinguish the Anatolian taxa, e.g. leaf shape and dentition,coloration of phyllary margin, presence or absence of the corona on the ray flower achenes, are those which in Europe have been shown (see Villard in Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 80:96-188, 1971) to vary with the degree of ploidy involved. It seems pointless, therefore, to continue recognizing these taxa without bio-systematic analysis.   Two specimens collected by Aznavour have been examined: the one cited above has narrow dark margins on the phyllaries, the other (Abr. Pasha?, probably from the Istanbul area) has broad pale scarious margins. D. 38548 (from A4 Kastamonu, near the type locality of subsp. paphlagonicitm) has a villous stem to which Czeczott possibly alludes in her description of this subspecies ('glab-riusculis vel parce papilloso-pubescentibus')- The Sintenis specimen, however, which she cites under this subspecies, has glabrous stems. Unlike Sint. 5009 and the type specimen of this subspecies, Davis's specimen has exauriculate ray achenes. Rech. 37717, which was collected near the type locality of Chrysanthemum trapezuntinum, differs from it in having auriculate ray achenes. In all these specimens the stems are either unbranched or, more usually, bear up to 4 branches. D. 32378, however, is a more vigorous plant with 12 branches. Its leaves are deeply toothed or pinnatifid, its phyllaries have narrow brown margins and its ray achenes are auriculate.