Raphanus raphanistrum

Brassicaceae

Raphanus L.
Raphanus raphanistrum L.
Ömür: Tek yıllık
Yapı: tuberli-otsu
Hayat formu:
İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 3
Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 5
Habitat: nadas tarla, ekili alan, kumlu tarla
Minimum yükseklik: 0
Maksimum yükseklik: 400
Endemik: -
Element: ?
Türkiye dağılımı: Dış Anadolu
Genel dağılımı: Avrupa, K. Afrika, GB. ve O. Asya
Bulunduğu kareler :A1 A2 A5 A7 B1 C1 C2 C3 C5 C6

R. raphanistrum L., Sp. PL 669 (1753). Ic.: Schulz, op. cit., f. 26. Ross-Craig, Draw. Brit. PL 3: 76 (1949). Figure 12, p. 255.
  Annual, usually branched from near base with erect branches 15-50 cm, ± hispid. Basal leaves not rosette-forming, lyrate, petiolate. Cauline leaves peti-olate; uppermost sessile, entire. Inflorescence loose before anthesis, greatly elongating in fruit. Petals 14-17 x 4-8 mm, white, pale rose, lilac or yellow, usually with dark veins that are rarely absent. Fruiting pedicels erect-ascending, 10-30 mm. Fruit 1.4-6.5 cm x 3-7 mm. Seeds usually reticulate. Fl. 3-5. Fallow fields, cultivated ground, sandy fields, s.1.-400 m.
  Described from Europe (Hb. Linn. 846/4 photo.!).
  Outer Anatolia, Islands. A1(E) Çanakkale: Gelibolu, Širjaev. A2(E) Istanbul: Rumeli-Hissar, 11 iv 1937, Post! A2(A) Istanbul: Kartal, 1 vi 1890, Azn.! A5 Sinop: Sinop, 15 m, Tobey 69! A7 Trabzon: Of, s.l., D. 32030! Bl Çanakkale: Troy (Troja), Calvert 540. C1 Muğla: d. Marmaris, Nimara Ada, Kiran et al. 74! C2 Aydin: Sultanhisar, 30 m, D. 25593! C3 Antalya: Alanya, 2 m, D. 25914! C5 Içel: Kuyuluk, 2m, D. 26513! C6 Hatay/Adana: Haruniye to Iskenderun, 200-400 m, Meincke. Urfa: Birecik, Sint. 1888: 558! Is.: Lesvos, Rech. 5924; Khios, Orphanides; Samos, Rech. 3990; Kalimnos, Gathorne-Hardy 345!
  Throughout Europe, N. Africa, S.W. & C. Asia. An extremely variable species. Although the two subspecies (often treated as species) listed below have been recorded from Turkey, they are probably based on misidentifications. The her-barium representation of Raphanus from Turkey is rather sparse and often inadequate, but the available specimens do not agree well with the European material. Subsp. maritimus (Smith) Thellung: short lived perennial or biennial. Siliquae 5-8 mm in diameter, petals 1.6-2.5 mm, beak 8-20 mm. Recorded from the Black Sea Coast (nr. Of, Grossheim 4: map 200). Subsp. landra (Moretti) Bannier & Layens: similar to the former but sometimes annual, petals 10-15 mm and beak 15-40 mm. The Anatolian material agrees best with the type sub-species (fruits 2-4 mm in diameter, 3-8 segments, beak 10-30 mm). More investigation is necessary.
R. sativus L., the cultivated radish, is of unknown, but probably hybrid, origin. Widely grown in Anatolia and with innumerable cultivars, possibly hybridising with R. raphanistrum, it has a napiform root and a ± inflated fruit hardly constricted between the 5-12-seeds. Nowhere found wild but not infrequent as an escape from cultivation (C5 Içel: Mersin to Tarsus, D. 26541!).