Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus oleoides subsp.graecus

Rhamnus L. Rhamnus oleoides L. subsp. graecus (BOISS. ET REUT.) HOLMBOE Ömür: Çok yıllık Yapı: çalı Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 4 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 5 Habitat: kayalık kireçtaşı yamaçlar, maki Minimum yükseklik: 20 Maksimum yükseklik: 1200 Endemik: - Element: D. Akdeniz Türkiye dağılımı: K., O., B., G. ve GD. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: Yunanistan, Ege Adaları, Kıbrıs, B. Suriye Bulunduğu kareler :A5 B5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C6

R. oleoides L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 279 (1762). Davis in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 21: 112-115 (1953). Map 60, p. 537. Intricate, prostrate or erect shrub, up to 2 m. Branches alternate, young spines usually greyish brown, puberulous or glabrous. Leaves varying from narrowly obovate-elliptic to broadly obovate, (6-) 10-23 x 5-12 mm, evergreen or deciduous, glabrous or puberulous when young, entire or remotely serrulate, veins conspicuous or obscure, petiole 1-5 mm. Fruiting pedicels 1-3 mm. Disc puberu-lous or glabrous. Fruit 4-6 mm diam., black, red, yellowish or speckled. Seed with a bifid or entire groove. Fl. 3-5.   A very polymorphic species. Two variable and overlapping subspecies may be recognised: 1. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen, drying yellowish green, with dark reticulate venation below, usually glabrous subsp. oleoides 1. Leaves herbaceous, deciduous, usually drying greyish green (at least below), with less conspicuous venation, glabrous or puberulent subsp. graecus subsp. graecus (Boiss. & Reut.) Holmboe, Veg. Cyprus 125 (1914). Figure 17, p. 529. Syn: R. palaestina Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(1): 119 (1853)! R. heldreichii Boiss., op. cit. 120 (1853)! R. graeca Boiss. & Reut. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(5): 74 (1856)! R. amasiensis Bornm. in Feddes Rep. 29: 34 (1931)! Ic: Feinbrun & Koppel, Wild Pl. Israel t. 17 (1960). Fl. 4{-5). Macchie and rocky limestone places, 20-1200 m. Syntypes: [Greece] in Palmede Argolidis, Spruner; montibus Parnes et Hymet-tus, Heldreich (G!); Laconia, Heldreich; Creta, Raulin. A5 Amasya: Amasya, Bornm. 1889: 210 (type of R. amasiensis)! B5 Nevşehir: nr. Nevşehir, 1200 m, D. 19155! C1 Muğla: d. Marmaris, Yarimadasi, 300 m, D. 41380! C2 Muğla: Marmaris, 1200 m, D. 19155! C3 Antalya: Perge amphi-theatre, Heldr. (type of R. heldreichii)! C4 Içel: Anamur to Gilindere, 20 m, D. 25975! C6 Hatay: Antakya: 150-300 m, D. 27224! Gaziantep: Kökçe between Gaziantep and Pazarcik, 800 m, D. 27817! Maraş: Maraş to Göksun nr. Soğuk-oluk Da., 600 m, D. 27500!   Greece, Aegean, Cyprus, W. Syria. E. Medit. element. The presence of rather numerous intermediates necessitates adopting a broad circumscription of R. oleoides. The two subspecies recognised here show wide variation in habit, leaf shape and indumentum. A puzzling red-fruited variant from C4 Konya: Ermenek, 1600 m, D. 16145, is intermediate between R. oleoides subsp. graecus and R. pyrellus. It has small, entire, densely pubescent leaves reminiscent of R. dispermus Ehrh. (Palestine, Sinai & E. Egypt) which is probably better treated as a subspecies of R. oleoides. It seems likely that R. oleoides represents a widespread ancestral Mediterranean stock from which several peripheral species have been derived, and between which some intergradations occur.