Scrophulariaceae

Scrophularia scopolii var. scopolii

Scrophularia L. Scrophularia scopolii [HOPPE EX] PERS. var. scopolii [HOPPE EX] PERS. Ömür: İki veya Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 4 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: ormanlar, nemli kayalık yamaçlar, dere kenarları, çalılıklar Minimum yükseklik: 15 Maksimum yükseklik: 2300 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Türkiye Genel dağılımı: O. ve G. Avrupa, G. Rusya, Kafkasya, K. Irak, Suriye Bulunduğu kareler : A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 B1 B2 B3 B9 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

S. scopolii [Hoppe ex] Pers. in Syn. 2:160 (1806). Biennial or perennial. Stems 20-100 cm, glabrous to sparingly villous-lanate, purplish. Leaves opposite-decussate (rarely alternate), petiole 1-6.5 cm; lamina 2.5-12.5 x 2.2-8.5 cm, broadly ovate to oblong, base deeply cordate to cuneate; apex obtuse to subacute; margin bicrenate-mucronate to deeply dentate. Inflorescence subfoliate to aphyllous, cymes 2-13-flowered. Peduncle 0.4-6.5 cm; alar pedicel 4-17(-22) mm, glandular, exceeding the narrowly lanceolate to subulate, glandular, 2-13 mm bracteoles. Calyx lobes 2-4 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, glandular or eglandular; scarious margin dark brown to white (rarely oblongish), 0.3-1.2 mm broad. Corolla greenish-brown to purplish-red, 5.8 mm. Stamens included (rarely exserted); filament glands globose; staminode transversely oblong, reniform, suborbicular, non-retuse to ± lobed, rarely obcordate. Capsule ovoid to broadly ovoid, 4.5-7.5 x 3.5-4.5 mm, beaked to apiculate. Fl. 4-8. Forests, moist rocky slopes, streamsides, scrub, 15-2300 m. 1. Calyx lobes with shortly stipitate glands 2. Alar pedicel 5.5-7(-8) mm; scarious margin 0.5-0.6 mm broad, dark brown e. var. adenocalyx 2. Alar pedicel 10-11 mm; scarious margin 0.1-0.3 mm broad, pale brown to white 3. Staminode obcordate, 0.7x1.1 mm; median leaves 7.5 cm, grey-green; plant 30-45 cm, unbranched f. var. parryi 3. Staminode transversely oblong, 1x2 mm; median leaves 4.5 mm, bright green; plant 70-75 cm, much branched g. var. burdurensis' 1. Calyx lobes glabrous, eglandular 4. Leaves alternate; capsules with attenuate beaks (beak more than 3 mm) d. var. longirostrata 4. Leaves opposite; capsules with short (2-2.5 mm) beaks 5. Median and lower leaves simply or doubly crenate to dentate (teeth not deepened into lobes) a. var. scopolii 5. Median and lower leaves with ± deeply acutely doubly dentate lobes 6. Plants ± glabrous, much branched in upper region; inflorescence slender; cymes 6-8-flowered, pedicels divaricate b. var. nusairiensis 6. Plants villous, not or only poorly branched; inflorescence not slender; cymes 2-5-flowered; pedicels erecto-patent c. var. smyrnaea a. var. scopolii. Syn: S. glandulosa Waldst. & Kit., P1. Rar. Hung. 3:238, t. 214 (1807); S. glandulifera E.D.Clarke, Travels l(2):21 (1813); S. grandidentata Ten., Fl. Nap. Suppl. 2:69 (1819)! S. melissaefolia Urv., Enum. P1. Or. 75 (1822); S. decumbens Fisch., Mey. & Avé-Lall in Ind. Sem. Horti Petrop. 10:58 ('1842' [recte, 1845]); S.tmolea Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(4):66 (1844)! S.grandifolia C.Koch in Linnaea 22:707 (1849); S. oligantha Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(12):33 (1833)! S, puberula Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:396 (1879); S. scopolii var. grandidentata (Ten.) Boiss., loc. cit. (1879)! var. oligantha (Boiss.) Boiss., loc. cit. (1879)! var. tmolea (Boiss.) Boiss., loc. cit. (1879)! S. guestii Eig in Pal. J. Bot., Jer. ser. 3:80 (1944)! Figure 19, p. 613. Map 44, p. 619. Described from Carinthia, Austria. Widespread. A1(E) Kirklareli: nr Dereköy, A.Baytop (ISTE 14130)! A2(E) Istanbul: Thérapia (Tarabya), 21 viii 1890, Azn.! A2(A) Bursa: Ulu Da., 1700 m, W. de Wilde 4024! A3 Bolu: 26 km W. of Gerede, 1000 m, Sorger 71-2-52! A4 Çankiri: S. of Ilgaz Da., 24 km N. of Ilgaz, 1630 m, Hub.-Mor. 13990! A5 Corum: Iskilip,.Kebabdere above Karmiş, 1300 m, Coode & Jones 1760! A6 Sivas: Yildiz Da., 2000 m, Sorger 69-58-101! A8 Çoruh: above Artvin, 1000 m, D. 29752! B2 Kütahya: Murat Da. above Banaz, 1800 m, Coode & Jones 2473! B3 Bilecik: Söğüt to Eskişehir, 1020 m, Hub.-Mor. 13989! B5 Niğde: Hasan Da. below Taşpinar Y., 1900 m, D. 19016! B6 Sivas: Bey Da. S. of Zara, 2000 m, Stn. & Hend. 5291! B7 Tunceli: Ovacik to Hozat, 2050 m, D. 31578! B9 Ağri: d. Suluçem (Musun), S. end of Balik G., 2300 m, D. 47057! C3 Antalya: Duden, Çetik 3794! C4 Konya: 35 km from Ermenek to Yelbel Da., 1870 m, Hub.-Mor. 8624! C5 Niğde: Bolkar Da., Kurt Tepe, 2000 m, 1966, Quézel et al. C6 Adana: d. Bahçe, Dumanli Da., nr Haruniye, 1300 m, D. 26892! Is: Lesvos, Rech. 5845a; Samos, Rech. 3914; Rodhos, Cadet de Fontenay. C. & S. Europe, S. Russia, Caucasia, N. Iraq, Syria. b. var. nusairiensis (Post) Lall in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 30:136 (1970). Syn: S. nusairiensisPost, P1. Post. 5:13 (1893); S. antiochia Post, loc. cit. (1893)! Map 44, p. 619. Type: [N. Syria] prope Banias montium Nusairiensium Syriae borealis, iv 1891, G.Post(G!). S. Anatolia (Amanus). C6 Hatay: Huseinyeh (Hüsayniyyah) nr Antiochia (Antakya), G.Post (type of S. antiochia)! Syria. E. Medit. element? Known only from the cited gatherings. c. var. smyrnaea (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:396 (1879). Syn: S. smyrnaea Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1 (4):66 (1844)! Figure 19, p. 613. Map 44, p. 619. Type: [Turkey Bl Izmir] in pratis ad rivulos montium Lydiae, montes supra Bournabat (Bornova) prope Smyrnam (Izmir), v 1842, Boissier (holo. G!). W. Anatolia, Islands. Bl Izmir: Yamanlar Da. above Izmir, 800 m, Hub.-Mor. 2482! ibid., Alava 5101 & Bocquet! ibid., Bornm. 1906:9830! Nif Da. S. of Kemalpaşa, 1100 m, Buttler & Erben 17399! Is: Lesvos, Rech. 5845b (glabrous, with greater number of flowers per cyme)! Endemic. E. Medit. element. A gathering from A3 Bolu (Ala Da., on Kartal Kaya Tepe, 2100 m, D. 37384!) is intermediate between var. smyrnaea and var. scopolii. d. var. longirostrata Heywood in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 21:85 (1952). Map 44, p. 619. Type: [Turkey C4 Antalya] d. Alanya, Han Boğaz forest near Geyik Da., Abietum, 1580 m, 30 ix 1947, Davis 14710 (holo. K!). Endemic. E. Medit. (mt.) element ? Known only from the type. e. var. adenocalyx Somm. & Lev. in Acta Horti Petrop. 16:361 (190Ö). Syn: S. scopolii [Hoppe ex] Pers. var. grandicrenata Somm. & Lev., op. cit. 362 (1900). Figure 19, p. 613. Map 44, p. 619. Type: [Georgia] in herbosis alpinis jugi Latpari merid., 2100 m, 4 viii 1890, Sommier & Levier (FI). N.E. Anatolia (largely replacing var. scopolii). A6 Ordu: above Çambaşi, 1600 m, Tobey 1291! A7 Giresun: below Tamdere, 1600 m, D. 20620a! Trabzon: Meryemana, c. 48 km S. of Trabzon, 1220 m, Apold et al. 62! Gümüşane: Gümüşane, Sint. 1894:7232! A8 Trabzon: N. slope of Soğanli Da. above Çaykara, 1700 m, D. 32062! Georgia. Euxine element. f. var. parryi R.Mill in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 36:14 (1978). Map 44, p. 619. Type: Turkey C5 Niğde: Ala Da., Arpalik gorge, in gorge by water, 2190 m, 26 vi 1963, Elisabeth Parry 155 (holo. E!). Endemic. Known only from the type specimen. Easily distinguished from both var. burdurensis and var. adenocalyx by smaller, obcordate staminode and pale, grey-green leaves, and from the latter also by the much narrower (0.2-0.3 mm broad), white to pale brown scarious margin. g. var. burdurensis (H.Peşmen) R.Mill in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 36:14 (1978). Syn:S.burdurensis H.Peşmen inTürk. Biol. Derg. 20:122(1970). Map 44, p. 619. Type: Turkey C2 Burdur: d. Gölhisar, between Divre and Karzincabeli near the border of Burdur and Muğla, 1450 m, rocky limestone slope, 17 vi 1967, H.Peşmen 2036 & Leblebici (holo. EGE!). Endemic. E. Medit. element. Known only from the type specimen. Differs from var. adenocalyx in having calyx lobes with a very narrow (0.1-0.2 mm broad), pale brown scarious margin. From var. parryi it is distinguished by its larger, transversely oblong staminode and smaller, bright green leaves. From all other varieties of S. scopolii it is readily separated by its much-branched stem, although the extent to which this feature is influenced by the environment is not known.