Caryophyllaceae

Silene alba subsp. divaricata

Silene L. Silene alba (MILLER) KRAUSE subsp. divaricata (REICHB.) WALTERS Ömür: Tek, İki veya Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 8 Habitat: step, yamaçlar, çalılık Minimum yükseklik: 500 Maksimum yükseklik: 3500 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: B., K., D. ve G. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: Avrupa, KB. Afrika, GB. Asya Bulunduğu kareler: A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A8 A9 B4 B5 B7 B8 B9 B10 C6 C9

S. alba (Miller) Krause in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 2, 5: 98 (1901). Syn: Lychnis alba Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 No. 4 (1768); Melandrium album (Miller) Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. 4: 55 (1858). Figure 5, p. 189. Dioecious annual, biennial or perennial. Stems erect, 30-85 cm, retrorsely pubescent, slightly glandular and viscid above. Leaves oblanceolate, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile, all with indumentum like that on the stem. Inflorescence a lax, compound dichasium. Flowers unisexual. Calyx of male flowers 9-16 mm, that of female flowers 18-23 mm, enlarging in fruit, 20-nerved, hairy. Petals white, limb deeply bipartite. Styles 5. Anthophore 2-2.5 mm. Capsule ovoid, included within the calyx, opening by 10 teeth. Three subspecies are distinguished on the basis of variation in the female flower; two of them occur in Turkey: 1. Calyx with glandular hairs; capsule teeth spreading or recurved subsp. divaricata 1. Calyx hairs eglandular; capsule teeth erect subsp. eriocalycina subsp. divaricata (Reichb.) Walters in Feddes Rep. 69: 48 (1964). Syn: Lychnis divaricata Reichb., Ic. PI. Crit. 4: 3 (1826); Melandrium boissieri Schischk. in Grossh., Sosn. & Schischk., Fl. Tifl. 1: 205 (1925); M. balansae Boiss., Fl. Or. Suppl. 109 (1888). Fl. 6-8. Steppe, slopes, scrub, 500-3500 m. Described from cultivated plants. A2 Bilecik: Bilecik to Pazaryeri, 500 m, D. 36453! A3 Bolu: below Abant G., 1200 m, D. 37250! A8 Çoruh: nr. Artvin (Grossheim 3: map 296). A7 Trabzon: Trabzon, Sint. 1889: 45. A9 Kars: Chan Tepe, Sapozhnikov! B5 Niğde: Orta-kayaardi valley, 1200 m, D. 19058! B7 Tunceli: Munzur Da. above Ovacik, 2900 m, D. 31264! B8 Muş: between Muş and Tatvan, 1300 m, Zohary & Plit-mann 2160-42! B10 Ağri: between Iğdir and Doğubayazit, 2050 m, Zohary & Plitmann 2265-96! C6 Hatay: Amanus. 1700 m, Haradj. 466. C9 Hakkari: Kara Da., 3500 m, D. 24405! The calyx indumentum in this taxon consists of long, multicellular, eglandular hairs, and shorter, glandular hairs. subsp. eriocalycina (Boiss.) Walters in Feddes Rep. 69: 48 (1964). Syn: Melandrium eriocalycinum Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(1): 78 (1853). Fl. 4-8. Fields and forest edges, rocky ground, 500-2000 m. Syntypes: [Turkey A2(E) Istanbul] circa Byzantium, de Fontenay; [ibid.] circa Therapia ad Bosphorum, Thuret. A2(E) Istanbul: Belgrad forest. Kayacık 77! A2(A) Bursa: Uludağ, 28 vi 1944, Başarman'. A3 Ankara: Kizilcahamam to Gerede, 1260 m, Orshan 5149! A4 Ankara: Hacikadin valley nr. Keçiören, D. 13167! A5 Kastamonu: Tosya, Dikmen, Sint. 1892: 3944. A7 Giresun: Balabandağlari above Tamdere, 1800 m, D. 20498! A8 Çoruh: Artvin, 1100 m, Stainton 8298! A9 Kars: 5 km N of Kars, 1760 m, Zohary & Plitmann 2461-37! B4 Ankara: Beynam, D. 13084! B7 Erzincan: Egin (Kemaliye), Jokardi Da., Sint. 1890: 2874. B9 Van: 22 km S W of Gevaş, 2600 m, Frödin 140. C6 Hatay: Amanus, Haradj. 288. In Turkey, at least, the separation between these two subspecies appears to be ecological rather than geographic. Subsp. alba is widespread in Europe. Distribution of the species: Europe, N.W. Africa, S.W. Asia. (Introduced in N. America.)