Poaceae

Sorghum halepense var. halepense

Sorghum MOENCH Sorghum halepense (L.) PERS. var. halepense (L.) PERS. Ömür: Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 5 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 11 Habitat: nemli tepeler, akarsu civarı, mısır ve nadas tarlaları, kumlusal ve kumullar Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 1400 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: KB. Türkiye, KD., B., G. ve GD. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: Akdeniz, Güneybatı ve Orta Asya, Keşmir’in Doğusu ve Madras'ın Güneyi, Avustralya Bulunduğu kareler :A1 A2 A3 A7 A8 A10 B1 B3 B6 B7 B9 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9

S. halepense (L.) Pers., Syn. 1:101 (1805). Perennial with stout, scaly, broadly spreading rhizome. Stems 30-150 cm, erect, vegetative portion glabrous except for shortly sericeous-pubescent nodes, axis of panicle scabrid, rarely glabrous. Leaf blades linear-acuminate, 16-46 cm x 5-14 mm, flat, with scabrid margins. Panicle erect, open, 7-30 cm, with verticillate branches 5-55 mm. Sessile spikelets ovate, creamy-buff, sometimes with a purplish tinge, (3.8-)4-6 x (1-)1.2-2.1 mm, shortly pubescent, awnless or usually with a geniculate awn 6.5-17.5 mm. Pedicellate spikelets usually violet-purple, 4-7 x 0.5-1.5 mm, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, awnless; pedicel 1.5-3(-4.5) mm. Fl, 5-11. Moist hills, streamsides, corn and fallow fields, sandy beaches and dunes, nr s.l.-1400 m. 1. Sessile spikelets awned var. halepense 1. Sessile spikelets awnless var. muticum var. halepense. Syn: Holcus halepensis L.,Sp. Pl. 1047 (1753);S. dubium C. Koch in Linnaea 21:442 (1848)! Ic: Fl. Iraq 9: t. 211 (1968); Fl. RPR 12: t. 8 f. 1 (1972). Described from Syria and Mauritania (Hb. Linn. 1212/7, photo!). N.W. Turkey, N.E., W., S. & S.E. Anatolia, Islands. A1(E) Edirne: 10 km N.N.W. of Ipsala, nr s.l., Coode & Jones 2923! A2(E) Istanbul: Kiziltoprak to Haydarpaşa, 7 xi 1893, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Kandilli, Sifa Suyu, Uotila 30202! A3 Zonguldak: Kozlu, Khan et al. 806! A7 Trabzon: Trabzon to Değirmendere, 70 m, Anşin 719! A8 Erzurum: 55 km N.E. of Erzurum, 1200 m, 14 viii 1972, Spencer 0505! A10 Kars: N. of Orta Alican, 800 m, Sorger & Kit-Tan 84-72-69! Bl Izmir: Güzelbahçe to Urla, 1 m, Holtz 00.405 et al.! B3 Eskişehir: Sündiken Da., 400 m, Ekim 2236! B6 Maraş: d. Elbistan, Kapi-dere, D. 20407 p.p. (awns present)! B7 Tunceli: Ovacik, 1400 m, D. 31493! B9 Bitlis: 14km S.W. of Bitlis, 1350 m, 11 viii 1972, Spencer 0301! C2 Denizli: Pamukkale, 400 m, Sorger 68-18-8! C3 Antalya: Elmali to Finike, 1 m, Khan et al. 207! C4 Antalya: Alanya, Jalas 3448! C5 Adana: E. bank of lake N. of Adana, 1070 m, Darrah 722! C6 Hatay: N.W. of Antakya between Belen and Soğukoluk, 620 m, Holtz 00.669 et al.! C8 Mardin: Rişmil, Sint. 1888: 1341! C9 Hakkari: Şine De. (lower Morinos De.), 5 km from Zab, 1200 m, D. 45387! Is: Lesvos, Cand.; Samos,nr Maloi,D.67776! Rodhos, Rech. 8365. var. muticum (Hackel) Grossh., Fl. Kavk. 1:56 (1928). Syn: Andropogon sorghum Brot. var. halepensis (L.) Hackel f. muticum Hackel in DC, Mon. Phan. 6:502 (1889); A. halepense (L.)Pers.f. muticum (Hackel) Maire & Weil-ler, Fl. Afr. Nord 1:266 (1952). Described from India. N.W. Turkey, Inner & S. Anatolia; scattered. A1(E) Edirne: Adrianopolis (Edirne), Formánek. A2(E) Istanbul; Codjatasche (Koçataş,) nr Büyükdere, 13 ix 1891, Azn.! A3 Sakarya: Arifiye, 30 m, D. 36279! Bl Izmir: Izmir, N. Tanay s.n.! B6 Maraş: d. Elbistan, Kapidere, D. 20407 p.p.! C2 Muğla: N. of Fethiye, s.l., Lambert & Thorp 546! C3 Antalya: nr Manavgat, 8 viii 1965, M. Tanker! C4 Içel: Mut, Kadiköy, 250 m, Doğan 172! C5 Adana: 6 km N. of Karataş, 20 m, Sorger 77-23-7! C6 Gaziantep: Gaziantep to Nizip, 12 viii 1965, M. Tanker! C8 Diyarbakir: 1050 m, 9 viii 1972, Spencer 0201! Distribution of species: Mediterranean area, S.W. & C. Asia E. to Kashmir and S. to Madras (India); Australia (probably not native). It is thought to have originated in the Mediterranean area, from whence it has spread as a wild or cultivated plant throughout the warmer regions of the world, where it is known as 'Johnson Grass'. The external distribution of the two varieties is imperfectly known. Var. muticum is said to be common in India; it also occurs in N. Africa and possibly sporadically throughout the range of the species.