l

Lamiaceae

Stachys cretica
subsp. anatolica

Stachys L.
Stachys cretica L. subsp. anatolica RECH. FIL.
Ömür: Çok yıllık
Yapı: ot
Hayat formu:
İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 5
Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 9
Habitat: kalkerli yamaçlar, bozkır, basık çayırlıklar
Minimum yükseklik: 100
Maksimum yükseklik: 2900
Endemik: endemik
Element: İran-Turan
Türkiye dağılımı: K., O. ve G. Anadolu
Genel dağılımı: Türkiye
Bulunduğu kareler: A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

S. cretica L., Sp. PL 581 (1753). Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:167 (1937) and Bot. Jahrb. 71:534 (1940). Syn: S. salviifolia Ten., Fl. Nap. 2:23 (1820); S. italica sensu Bentham, Lab. Gen. Sp. 464 (1834) non Miller (1768); S. germanica L. subsp. italica (Miller) Briq. var. italica Briq., Lab. Alp. Marit. 224 (1893); 5. germanica L. subsp. italica (Miller) Briq. var. boissieri Briq., op. cit. 222 (1893) p.p.; S. velata Klokov in Fl. URSR 9:646(1960).
Perennial with basal sterile rosettes. Flowering stems c. 25-100 cm, erect, branched or unbranched, usually densely or sparsely adpressed greyish-tomentose, rarely patent-pilose; glandular hairs less frequent than eglandular hairs. Basal leaves oblong-spathulate, 4-10 x 1-3.5 cm, obscurely crenulate to faintly crenate, apex obtuse sometimes acute, attenuate or rarely rounded to subcordate at base, petiole 2-8 cm. Cauline leaves similar to basal but gradually becoming smaller above, shortly petiolate to subsessile or sessile. Floral leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1-6 x 0.5-1.2 cm, as long as or longer than verticillasters. Verticillasters usually remote throughout, rarely approximate above, 10-16-flowered. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 5-16 mm, herbaceous, not spinescent. Pedicels 1-2.5 mm. Calyx sub-bilabiate, subcampanulate to tubular, 12-16 mm, densely tomentose, teeth subequal, ovate to lanceolate, 1/3-1 x tube; mucro 1-3 mm. Corolla rose-pink, 18-20mm, tube subexserted. Nutlets obovoid, 2 x 1.5 mm, smooth.
1. Verticillasters mostly approximate; at least some basal leaves truncate to subcordate at base
   2. Calyx teeth as long as or slightly less than calyx tube, mucro 2-3 mm; lower cauline leaves 2-3 x longer than broad a. subsp. cassia
   2. Calyx teeth 1/2 x tube, mucro 1-1.5 mm; lower cauline leaves 3.5-5 x longer than broad e. subsp. bulgarica
1. Verticillasters remote throughout, rarely 2-3 approximate above; basal leaves usually cuneate to attenuate, rarely few rounded at base
    3. Calyx teeth ovate; median cauline leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate
       4. Stem sparsely villous-tomentose (hairs not adpressed); calyx teeth with glandular hairs g. subsp. smyrnaea
       4. Stem adpressed white-tomentose; calyx teeth usually eglandular d. subsp. trapezuntica
    3. Calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate to shortly triangular; median cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate, sometimes broader
       5. Inflorescence usually paniculately branched; flowering stem broad (0.5-0.8 cm) and elongate (80-100 cm)
         6. Calyx teeth usually erect or slightly recurved in fruit; mucro c. 2 mm; indumentum densely adpressed on calyx tube in fruit h. subsp. mersinaea
         6. Calyx teeth widely recurved in fruit; mucro 1 mm; indumentum of calyx tube sparsely villous-tomentose, sometimes glabrescent in fruit b. subsp. garana
       5. Inflorescence usually erect and unbranched; flowering stem slender (0.3-0.6 cm) and short (50-80 cm)
         7. Verticillasters 4-10(-12) cm distant throughout; stem and leaf indumentum loosely adpressed-villous, evanescent above f. subsp. vacillans
         7. Verticillasters 2-4(-6) cm distant throughout; stem and leaf indumentum shortly adpressed-tomentose
           8. Calyx tube hidden under dense indumentum; glandular hairs absent from calyx teeth i. subsp. anatolica
           8. Calyx tube not hidden under dense indumentum; glandular hairs or substipitate glands present on calyx teeth c. subsp. lesbiaca
a. subsp. cassia (Boiss.) Rech. fil. in Bot. Jahrb. 71:534 (1940). Syn: Sideritis cassia Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(12):76 (1853) (errore pro Stachys); op. cit. 1(13): 74 (1853). Map 34. Fl. 4-8. Rocky limestone slopes, Quercus macchie, 150-1050 m.
Type: [Turkey C5 Hatay/N. Syria] in regione sylvatica inferiori montis Cassii Syriae borealis, vi, Boissier (nolo. G! iso. K!).
S. Anatolia (Amanus). C5 Adana: Adana to Karsanti, Akören, Değirmencik mevkii, 900 m, Yurdakulol 40(!). Hatay: Uluçinar, 400 m, Akman 258(!). C6 Adana: above Yeniköy at Haruniye, 630-700 m, Hub.-Mor. 12561! d. Osmaniye, Amanus Da., 600 m, Akman 1! Hatay: d. Antakya, Iskenderun to Antakya, W. of Amik G., 150 m, D. 27129!
C. Greece. E. Medit. element. This subspecies is characterised by its congested verticillasters, and calyx teeth as long as the tube with longer c. 2-2.5 mm mucro. D. 27129 from Hatay diverges from the rest in having ± remote verticillasters, but the calyx teeth and mucro length agree with the other specimens. A specimen from C5 Adana [Karsanti, Pos to Sofulu, Yurdakulol 10306(!)] is intermediate between subsp. cassia and subsp. anatolica. The disjunction in distribution is a striking feature in this subspecies as it grows only in C. Greece, and S. Anatolia (Amanus).
b. subsp. garana (Boiss.) Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:176 (1937). Syn: S. garana Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(12):76 (1853)! S. cretica L. var. garana (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:719 (1879)! S. germanica L. subsp. italica (Miller) Briq. var. garana (Boiss.) Briq., Lab. Alp. Marit. 223 (1893)! S. cretica sensu Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 27:414 (1913) non L. (1753). Map 34. Fl. 6-7. Rocky igneous slopes, undergrowth in Quercus forest, 1067-1900 m.
Type: [N. Iraq] in lapidosis montis Gara Kurdistaniae, Kotschy 413 (holo. G! iso. K! W).
S. & E. Anatolia. A8 Erzurum: d. Aşkale, Erzurum to Erzincan, 1900 m, Hub.-Mor. 15287! B7 Tunceli: above Pertek, 1600 m, D. 31051! B8 Bingöl: Bingöl Da. between Muş and Erzurum, Varto, 1525 m, Kotschy Suppl. 670(!). C5 Içel: Taurus mts., Kotschy 445(!). Adana: Pozanti, 5 km N. on E. slopes of Toros Da., 970 m, Aberdeen Univ. Amanus Exped. B2 140! C7 Adiyaman: Nimrud Da. nr Kahta, nr Urik, 1200-1400 m, Hand.-Mazz. 2133(!). C8 Mardin: Bakakri, Sint. 1888:1253!
N. Iraq, W. Iran. Ir.-Tur. element. Distinguished by its tall and stout c. 100 cm stems, broader leaves, villous calyx indumentum, ± approximate verticillasters, and recurved fruiting calyx teeth with prominent veins. D. 31051 from Tunceli is somewhat exceptional from the rest in having narrower leaves.
c. subsp. lesbiaca Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:175 (1937). Syn: S. cretica sensu Cand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 45:190 (1898) non L. (1753);S. acutifolia Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 43:327 (1929) non Chaub. & Bory (1832). Map 35. Fl. 5-6. Rocky ruins on mountain slopes, on serpentine, trachyte etc., 220-400 m.
Based on several syntypes, mainly from Lesvos and Lemnos.
W. Anatolia, Islands. A1(A) Çanakkale: 10 km from Çan to Yenice, 220 m, Hub.-Mor. 17247! Dardanelles, Kursunlu, Sint. 1883:647! Bl Balıkesir: Assos, Sint. 1883:647 (syntype)! Is:Lesvos, Ordymnos mts. nr Antissa, Rech. 5871 (syntype) (!); ibid., between Kapi and Gelia, 400 m, Rech. 5753 (syntype) (!); Megali Limni, Rech. 5699 (syntype).
Endemic. E. Medit. element.
d. subsp. trapezuntica Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:172 (1937). Syn: S. italica sensu Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 23:185 (1909) non Miller (1768). Map 35. Fl. 6-7.
Based on three syntypes from Trabzon.
N.E. Anatolia. A7 Trabzon: Dschevislik (Maçka) to Hamsiköy, Sint. 1890: 3432 (syntype)! nr Trabzon, Bourgeau 695 (syntype); Kalanema De. nr Aktsche Abad, nr Ginik, 30-200 m, Hand.-Mazz. 324 (syntype) (!). A8 Gümüşane: 23 km N. from Aşkale to Trabzon, 2390 m, Uotila 19636(!)
Endemic. E. Medit. element? Somewhat resembling S. thirkei in habit. The area near Trabzon is one of the most eastern Mediterranean enclaves on the Black Sea coast.
e. subsp. bulgarica Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:171 (1937). Syn: S. italica auct. bulg. non Miller (1768); S. cassia auct. bulg. non Boiss. (1853). Map 34. Fl. 5-8. Rocky slopes, nr s.l.
Lectotype: [Bulgaria] Sadovo, [vi 1907], Stribrny!
N.W.Turkey. A 1(E) Tekirdağ: Ganos Da., 300 m, A. Baytop (ISTE 13530)! A1(A) Çanakkale: Renköi (Erenköy), v 1856, Kirk! A2(A) Istanbul: Bagh-larbachi, 10 viii 1893, Azn. 1767! Kocaeli/Istanbul: 3.5 km E. of Taşköprü, s.l., Buttler 13440(0.
Bulgaria, Greece. E. Medit. element? Kirk's specimen from Erenköy differs from the rest in having large mucronate calyx teeth and distant verticil-lasters.
f. subsp. vacillans Rech. fil. in Bot. Jahrb. 71:536(1940). Syn: S. cretica sensu Boiss., Fl Or. 4:719 (1879) p.p. quoad plantain syriacam. Map 34. Fl. 5-6. Limestone soils and fallow fields, 305-1340 m.
Type: [Syria] a Damasco versus Palmyram: frequens in lapidosis ad Marra pagum, 1220 m, 26 v 1855, Kotschy 476 [holo. W(!)].
S. & adjacent E. Anatolia. C3 Antalya: d. Kemer, Teke Da. nr Ovacik, 1100-1200 m, D. 15174a! C5 Içel: Güzül Dere, N. of Sedichig nr Mersin, Bal. 1855:510! Adana: Gürümze, 1310 m, Kotschy 1859: Suppl. 151(0- Hatay: Djebel Seman, Haradj. 2079! C6 Gaziantep: Gaziantep to Nizip, 330 m, 20 vi 1865, Hausskn.(!).
W. Syria. E. Medit. element.
g. subsp. smyrnaea Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:174 (1937). Syn: S. cretica sensu Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:719 (1879) p.p.; S. germanica L. subsp. italica (Miller) Briq. var. boissieri Briq., Lab. Alp. Marit. 2:223 (1893) p.p. Map 34. Fl. 4-8. Limestone hillsides in Pinus brutia forest, etc., 5-1380 m.
Based on numerous syntypes from S. Anatolia and E. Aegean islands.
N.W., W. & S. Anatolia, Islands. A 1(E) Çanakkale: Yalova, Bauer et al. 1968:2481(!). Tekirdağ: N. of Ganos Da., 2 km S. of Isakli, Bauer et al. 1968:2465(!). Kirklareli: 9 km E. of Babaeski, 125 m, Sorger 62-96-2! Edirne: 5 km S.E. of Bahçeköy, Bauer & Spitz. 1967:952(!). A1(A) Çanakkale: d. Çanakkale, 5 m, Hub.-Mor. 17618! Bl Balikesir: mt. Ida, Szu Szu Dagh (Kaz Da.), Sint. 1883:1180! Izmir: 11 km S. of Aliağa, 200 m, Sorger 66-5-9! Manisa: Değirmendere between Menemen and Manisa, 200-300 m, Bornm. 1906:9872 (syntype) (i). B2 Manisa: Inegöl to Buldan, 400 m, Hub.-Mor. 5256! Kütahya: ruins of Kavrahisar on way to Gediz, 1000 m, M. & D. Zohary 502(!). C1 Muğla: Yatağan to Milas, 660 m, Hub.-Mor. 12735! Aydin: Dilek yarimadasi, 20 m, Uslu 3435(!). Izmir: nr Güzelçamli, 19 km S. of Kuşadasi, Brummitt 6482a! C2 Muğla: Muğla to Kala, 1120 m, Hub.-Mor. 16743! Denizli: Denizli, Birand 69! C3 Isparta: d. Sutçuler, above Sarp Da., 1300 m, D. 15832! Antalya: Akseki, 1380 m, Hub.-Mor. 17248! Is: Khios, 150 m, Hub.-Mor. 5255! Ikaria, Ormos Yero, S. of Cap Phanar, Runem. & Snog. 65010); Samos, Vathy, D. 1695! Lipsoi, S.E. of town, Runem. & Bothmer 46608(0; Kalimnos, above town, 50-80 m, Bothmer 23210(!); Kos, mt. Dikaio, 800 m, Rech. 8037 (syntype) (!); Rodhos, Salakos, 2 vi 1870, Bourgeau (syntype) (!).
Endemic. E. Medit. element. This subspecies is readily distinguishable from the others by its lax, sparsely villous-tomentose indumentum with glandular and eglandular hairs, broader leaves and ovate, glandular calyx teeth.
h. subsp. mersinaea (Boiss.) Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:176 (1937). Syn: S. mersinaea Boiss., Diagn. ser. 2(4):37 (1859);S. cretica L. var. paniculata Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:719 (1879);S. germanica L. subsp. italica (Miller) Briq. var. mersinaea (Boiss.) Briq., Lab. Alp. Marit. 223 (1893). Map 35. Fl. 6-9. Rocky limestone slopes and meadows, 5-1600 m.
Type: [Turkey C5 Içel] ad pagum Bouloukli prope Mersina Ciliciae lit-toralis in arvis incultis, 1855, Balansa 583 (holo. G, iso. B).
S. & E. Anatolia. B5 Niğde: between Taşpinar and foot of Hasan Da., 1000-1100 m, D. 18879! B6 Maraş: d. Göksun, Hobek Da., 1600 m, D. 20228! B7 Elaziğ: Kharput (Harput), above Pekenik, Sint. 1889:771! C2 Burdur: Tefenni to Burdur, 1100 m, Hub.-Mor. 5257! C3 Antalya: 3 km N.W. of Side, 5 m, Hub.-Mor. 17719! C4 Konya: 14 km S. of Konya, 1100 m, Hub.-Mor. 8390! C5 Içel: Bouloukli nr Mersin,Bal. 1855:511! C6 Hatay: Pyas, Curle 57! C7 Malatya: Arga (Akçadağ) to Malatya, G. & B. Post 63!
Endemic. E. Medit. element. Gynodioecism has been observed in Heldr. 1128 and Balls 1232 from Isparta and Içel without any striking change in corolla length. Sorger 71-24-4 from Içel is intermediate in the character of calyx indumentum between subspp. smyrnaea and mersinaea. A gathering from A5 Kastamonu (Tosya, mt. Bellowa, Sint. 1892:4570!) may belong to subsp. 'mersinaea.
i. subsp. anatolica Rech. fil. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 48:175 (1937). Syn: S. cretica sensu Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:719 (1879) p.p. excl. typ.;S. germanica L. subsp. italica (Miller) Briq. var. boissieri Briq., Lab. Alp. Marit. 2:222 (1893) p.p. Figures 8 & 9. Map 34. Fl. 5-9. Limestone slopes, steppe, flat meadows, 100-2900 m.
Based on numerous syntypes from N., C. & S. Anatolia.
N., C. & S. Anatolia. A2(A) Bilecik: Pazaryeri, 750 m, D. 36493! A3 Sakarya: nr Geyve, 100 m, D. 36296! A4 Çankiri: Çakmaklı De., 800 m, Bornm. 1929:14544 (syntype)! A5 Kastamonu: Tosya, Sint. 1892:4286! A6 Sivas: 20 km from Zara to Imranli, 1650 m, Rech. 57541(!). A8 Gümüşane: Bayburt, Bourgeau 697! B2 Uşak: 6.4 km S. of Uşak, 800 m, Coode & Jones 2389! B3 Eskişehir: 29 km from Polatli to Sivrihisar, 800 m, Coode & Jones 2291! B4 Ankara: Ankara, Bornm. 1892:3091 (syntype)! B5 Nevşehir: Ürgüp, 1250 m, Sorger 70-37-23! B6 Maraş: Maraş to Göksun, 1300 m, Stainton 5563! B7 Tunceli: Pertek to Tunceli, 1490 m, Hub.-Mor. 11398! C2 Antalya: mt. Ballouklardan nr Elmali, Bourgeau 1860:208 (syntype)! C3 Isparta: Eğridir, Heldr.! C4 Konya: 13 km W. of Konya, 1170 m, Hub.-Mor. 8393! C5 Niğde: W. of Maden, Darrah 302!
Endemic. Ir.-Tur. element?
S. cretica is very variable in density of indumentum, calyx teeth shape, tube/teeth ratio, length of calyx teeth mucros, and length/breadth ratio of leaves. A certain amount of morphological overlap occurs between subspecies in regions of contact.