Dioscoreaceae

Tamus communis subsp. communis

Tamus L. Tamus communis L. subsp. communis L. Ömür: Çok yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 4 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Habitat: kalkerli sel yatakları, nehir kenarları, Abies-Fagus ormanları, Quercus aegilops çalılığı Minimum yükseklik: 20 Maksimum yükseklik: 1 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: Dış ve D. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: B., O. ve G. Avrupa, Kırım, Kafkasya, Kıbrıs, B. Suriye, Irak, İran, K. Adriyatik Bulunduğu kareler :A1 A4 A5 A7 A8 A9 C2 C3 C5 C6 C8 C9

T. communis L., Sp. PI. 1028(1753). Tubers subterranean, to 20 cm or more, blackish. Stems slender, to 4 m, rarely branched, longitudinally striate, glabrous, twining sinistrally as seen from outside. Leaves long-petiolate or long-acuminate, dark green, glabrous. Flowers greenish-yellow, glabrous. Bracteoles 2, linear-lanceolate, (l-)1.5-2 mm. Staminate flowers (3-)3.5-5 mm; lobes 1.5-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate; filaments slender, 2 mm; rudimentary ovary present. Pistillate flowers 5-6 mm, lobes 1.5-2 x 0.3-0.5 nim;styles free, reflexed and bifid at apices. Berry subglobose, 12-15 mm dkni., green, ripening red. 1. Leaves ovate-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, entire subsp. communis 1. Leaves hastate-trilobed, lateral lobes orbicular, middle lobe lanceolate subsp. cretica subsp. communis. Syn: T. racemosa Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 426 (1768); T. orient-alis Thieb., Fl. Lib.-Syr, 3:202 (1953) nom. inval. Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 10: t. 439 (1848), Map 108. Fl 4-6. Limestone gullies, shady riversides, climbing on Rhamnus in Abies-Fagus forest, in open Quercus aegilops scrub, 20-1600 m. Described from S. Europe (BM - Hb. Cliff.). Outer & E. Anatolia. A3 Bolu: Bolu Da., 850m, Wagenitz & Beug 135. A4 Kastamonu: pass between Köre and Inebolu, 1000 m, D. 38553! A5 Samsun: Bafra (Orman Işletme fields), 20 m, To bey 148! A7 Trabzon: d. Maçka, Ham-siköy, 1450 m, A. & T. Baytop (ISTE 15318)! A8 Rize: Çat, 1600 m, Kit-Tan 1186b! A9 Çoruh: Yalnizçam Da., Ardanuç to Kütûl, 1400m, D.32455! B8 Siirt: Sassun (Sason), Hand.-Mazz. C2 Muğla: d. Marmaris, Yarimadasi, 300 m, D. 413941! C3 Antalya: Belkis, 150 m, Tengwall 221! C5 Adana: d. Feke, Göksu gorge below Himmetli, 700-800 m, D. i 9815! C6 Hatay: Daphnè (Harbiye) tır Antakya, 300 e, Dinsmore 1367 i. Adiyaman: Besni to Gölbaşi, 900 m, Kit-Tan 2104! C8 Siirt: Botan fay, by bridge 19 km from Siirt, 400 m, D. 43217! C9 Mardin: Hessana at S. foot of Cudi Da., 900 m, D. 43054! W., C. & S. Europe, Crimea, Transcaucasia, Cyprus, W. Syria, Iraq, Iran, N. Africa, Azores. The tubers and berries are poisonous. Two gatherings from N.W. Anatolia (A 1(A) Çanakkale: Renkoei (Erenköy), v 1886, Kirk! and Bl Balikesir: Kaz Da., 15 km from Beypinar to Zeytinli, 500 m, Dudley (D. 34857!) differ from typical Turkish material in having staminate flowers with narrowly linear (2-2.2 x 0.3-0.6 mm) perianth lobes. subsp. cretica(L.) Kit Tanin Notes R.B.G.Edinb. 41:47 (1983). Syn: T. cretica L., Sp. PI. 1028 (1753)? T, communis L. var. cretica (L.) Boiss., Fl. Or. 5:344 (1882)! T. communis L. var. poly carpus Kotschy, Reise 405 (1858)! Ic: Sibth. & Sm., Fl. Graeca 10: t.958(1840),as J. cretica. Map 108. Fl 3-5. Under cliffs, rocky N.-facing limestone slopes, Carpinus woodland, Calitea phiygam, steep grassy slopes, 30-300 m. Type: [Crete] 'Tarnnus cretica, trifido folio",Tournefort (Iso. P-Tourn. 283, photo!). Turkey-in-Europe, W. & S. Anatolia, Islands. A1(E) Tekirdağ: 4.8 km S. of Inecik, 200 m, Coode & Jones 2844! Çanakkale: Ariburnu, A. & T. Baytop (ISTE 12601)! A2(E) Istanbul: Belgrad forest, Yalt. 59! A2(A) Istanbul: Prinkipo Is. (Büyük Ada), Hand.-Mazz. 8. A2(A) Bursa: Uludağ nr Bursa, Nemetz. C1 Aydin: d. Kuşadası, Samsun Da., Kayacik & Yalt. (ISTO 3425)! C2 Muga: d. Fethiye,Kalkan, 30 m, D. 25472! C5 Içel: Bulgar Da., 1265 m,Kotschy 1836:493 (type of var. polycarpus)! Adana: Kozan, 300 m, D. 26609! C6 Gaziantep: Aintab (Gaziantep), v 1889, G. Post! Is: Imroz, 80 m, Seçmen & Leblebici 206; Bozca, Seçmen & Leblebici 2244; Lesvos, S. side of mt. Bourounia, 3 km E. of Keramia, 70 m, Edmondson & McClintock 2342! Khios, nr Kardamila, Guiol 1820! Samos, Mt. Ambelos, Fors.-Maj. 540! Kos, Hansen obs.;Kalimnos, Fors.-Maj. 539;Rodhos, Rech. 7191. Balearic Is., lies Hyeres, Corsica, S. Greece, Crete, Cyprus, W. Syria. After studying the variation of T. communis throughout its geographical range, the above two subspecies have been recognised. Transitional forms occur in S. Spain (Cadiz) and Gibraltar, in which the leaf shape may not be as characteristic as described in the key.