Zygophyllaceae

Tribulus terrestris

Tribulus L. Tribulus terrestris L. Ömür: Tek yıllık Yapı: ot Hayat formu: İlk çiçeklenme zamanı: 6 Son çiçeklenme zamanı: 9 Habitat: açık ve kumlu yerler, nadas tarlaları Minimum yükseklik: 0 Maksimum yükseklik: 1200 Endemik: - Element: ? Türkiye dağılımı: B., K., O., G. ve GD. Anadolu Genel dağılımı: G. Avrupa, GB. Asya Bulunduğu kareler:A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A8 A9 B1 B4 B5 B7 B10 C2 C3 C5 C6

T. terrestris L., Sp. Pl 387 (1753). Ic: Bonnier, Fl. Comp. Fγ., Suisse et Belge 2: t. 110, f. 575 (1913). Prostrate annual herbs with simple hairs. Stems 15-80 cm, with short adpressed indumentum and longer ± spreading hairs. Young shoots and leaves silvery pilose. Leaves pari pinnate, with 10-16 leaflets. Leaflets ovate or elliptic, often asymmetric at base, 5-8(-10) x 2-3(-4) mm, flat. Flowers scattered, solitary in the axils of leaves. Sepals c. 5 mm, ovate, silky-hairy. Petals 4-5 mm, yellow, fugaceous. Fruit 4-5-merous, c. 10 mm across, the carpels ornamented with 2 large and numerous shorter horns, puberulent to nearly glabrous. Fl. 6-9. Open or sandy places, fallow fields, s.1.-1200 m. Described from S. Europe. A1(A) Çanakkale: Dardanelles, Sint. 1883: 696! A2(E) Istanbul: Silivri, s.l, D. 39217! A2(A) Kocaeli: Tuzla, nr. s.l, 18 ix 1898, Azn.! A3 Sakarya: Karasu, s.l., D. 39147! A4 Zonguldak: Karabük, 300 m, D. 38963! A5 Amasya: Amasya, Bornm. 1889:947! A6 Samsun: Kirazlik beach, nr. Samsun, s.l., Tobey 384! A8 Çoruh: nr. Artvin (Grossheim 6: map 49). A9 Çoruh: Ardanuç, 500-600 m, D. 30169! Bl Izmir: Bergama, 30 vii 1959, Okyar! B4 Ankara: Ankara, Incesu, vi 1944, Kasapligil! B5 Kayseri: Kayseri to Incesu, 1200 m, D. 32647! B7 Elaziğ: Elaziğ, D. 24821! B10 Kars: nr. Iğdir, 850 m, Demiriz 3405! C2 Denizli: Taş Oçaği (quarry) nr. Denizli, D. 13232! C3 Antalya: Antalya, Tengwall 41! C5 Seyhan: Ceyhan, s.l, McNeill 819! C6 Gaziantep: Aintab (Gaziantep), Har adj. 1745! Is: Samos, Gathorne-Hardy 459! S. Europe, S.W. Asia. Very variable. Many authors distinguish 2 sub species in Europe, differing in the indumentum of the fruit and in the form of the tubercles on the back of the carpels. The Turkish material can be separated into 2 ill-defined groups using indumentum, but the tubercle form does not correlate. Varieties have also been recognised by Boissier, Fl. Or. 1: 902 (1867) and Azna-vour (whose material has been seen) in Mag. Bot. Lap. 1: 303-4 (1901). 1053-1067, map p. 1056 (1965). Syn. & Ic: N. olivieri Jaub. & Spach, III.. Fl. Or. 3: t. 295 (1842). Small shrub with a few spines at shoot apices, 50-100 cm. Young branches with whitish bark, later greyish-brown. New shoots puberulous at first, the indumentum persisting on the leaves. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse and sometimes with a small mucro, thick, the stipules small and deciduous. Flowers ± sessile, in panicles of irregular dichotomous branching. Sepals 1-1.5 mm. Petals 2-3 mm. Berry 8-10 mm. Sandy or salty places, 200-1000 m. Described from Siberia. A4 Ankara: Tuz G., N of Şereflikoçhisar, c. 900 m, McNeill 298! ibid., 950 m, D. 32851! A9 Kars: Tuzluca & Kağizman (Grossheim 6: map 50). Syrian Desert, S. Russia, Crimea, Caucasia, N.W. & C. Iran, Siberia, C. Asia. Ir.-Tur. element. No flowering material has been seen from Turkey.