V. cheiranthifolium Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(4):56 (1844). Ic: Hub.-Mor. in Feddes Rep. 46, t. 272 (1939); Hub.-Mor. in Candollea 12:206 f. 11 (1949).
Biennial, 30-120 cm, tomentose with fine, short, adpressed or subadpressed, yellowish more rarely greyish or whitish, soft or more frequently somewhat harsh stellate hairs. Stem slender, terete, longitudinally striate, usually many-branched. Basal leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, 7-30 x 1.5-8 cm, blunt to acutish and acuminate, entire or rarely crenate; petiole 2-6 cm; upper cauline lanceolate to broadly ovate and suborbicular, ± acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base. Inflorescence rarely simple, usually with many slender, erect-spreading branches, forming oblong to ovate panicle, with ± loose clusters of 2-7 flowers. Bracts broadly triangular- to linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Pedicels to 12 mm; bracteoles lanceolate. Calyx 1.5-4.5 mm, lobes linear- to triangular-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, rarely obtuse. Corolla yellow, 20-25 mm diam., without pellucid glands, stellate-tomentose outside. Stamens 5, anthers reniform, filaments with whitish-yellow wool up to anthers. Capsule cylindrical to oblong-elliptic, 4-7x2-4 mm, densely stellate-tomentose. 1. Calyx lobes blunt or shortly mucronate, glabrescent above
var. obtusiusculum
1. Calyx lobes acute or acuminate, not glabrescent above
2. Calyx to 2 mm, capsule cylindrical var. asperulum
2. Calyx 2-4.5 mm, capsule oblong-elliptic or oblong-cylindrical
3. Calyx 2-3 mm 4. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, capsule 11/2 -2 x calyx var. cheiranthifolium
4. Calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate, capsule .2-3 x calyx _ var. transcaspicum
3. Calyx 3-4.5 mm
5. Capsule oblong-cylindrical, to 2 1/2 x calyx var. cataonicum
5. Capsule oblong-elliptic, not more than 2 x calyx
6. Basal leaves distinctly crenate, indumentum dense, rough, yellowish, capsule c. 2 x calyx var. pisidicum
6. Basal leaves subentire, indumentum very dense, soft, adpressed, whitish, capsule scarcely or to 1-3 x calyx var. heldreichii
var. cheiranthifolium. Ft. 5-8. Forests, Quercus scrub, steppe, pastures, limestone rocks, 680-1930 m.
Syntypes: [Turkey C2 Denizli] in pratis regionis alpinae in Cadmo orientali (Honaz Da.) supra Colossam (Honaz Köy) et [B2 Izmir] Tmolo superiori (Boz Da.), vi 1842, Boissier (G!).
Widespread. A4 Kastamonu: Bostanli, 30 km S. of Kastamonu, 1300 m, Sorger 69-13-125! A5 Çorum: Osmancik, 1200 m, Kilinç 1975:3475! A7 Giresun: 10 km N.W. of Şebin Karahisar, 1300 m, Sorger 69-31-17! A8 Gümüşane: Bayburt, Maden, T.Baytop (ISTE 14360)! B2 Izmir: Boz Da. nr Bozdagh Köy, Hub.-Mor. 2401 ! B3 Kütahya: 18 km from Kütahya to Bozüyük, 900 m, Hub.-Mor. 12203! B4 Ankara: 48 km N.W. of Şerefli Koçhisar, Rech. 49969! B5 Yozgat: Alişar, 1000 m, Müller 1086. B7 Erzincan: 11 km W. of Erzincan, 1350 m, Hub.-Mor. 11831 ! B9 Bitlis: S. of Tuğ, 1750 m, H. Demiriz 1956:3526! C\ Aydin: Mesogis (Cevizli Da.) above Tire, Bornm. 1906:9825. C2 Muğla: Muğla, vi 1938, Reese! C3 Antalya: Tahtali Da., Çukur Y., 1600 m, D. 14147! C4 Konya: mt. above Djok-su (Göksu) nr Ermenek, Heldr. 972! C5 Adana: Kassan Oghlu (Hasanoğlu), nr Görümse, 1200 m, Kotschy 1859:175!
Transcaucasia.
var. asperulum (Boiss.) Murb., Monogr. Verbascum 277 (1933). Syn: V. asperulum Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(4): 57 (1844)! V. cylindraceum Freyn & Sint. in Öst. Bot. Zeitschr. 44:295 (1894)! Fl. 5-7. Pinus forest, Quercus scrub, steppe, stony places, vineyards, 200-2000 m.
Syntypes: [Turkey C2 Denizli] in collibus calidis regionis montanae parcius, inter Yenidje (Yenice) et Gheyra (Geyre), Boissier (G); [CI Aydin] in vallibus Mesogis (Cevizli Da.) circa Derwend, vi 1842, Boissier (G!).
Widespread. A2(A) Bilecik: Bilecik, 360 m, Hub.-Mor. 12171! A3 Ankara: d. Beypazari, Elma beli, 650 m, Akman 1971:825! A4 Ankara: Hacikadin valley nr Keçiören, D. 13198! A5 Kastamonu: Tossia (Tosya), Sint. 1892:4212 (type of
V. cylindraceum)! A7 Gümüşane: Gümüşane, 1500 m, T.Baytop (ISTE 14301)! Bl Manisa: Sipylos (Manisa Da.), 800-900 m, Bornm. 1906:9827! B2 Denizli: 52 km from Denizli to Inegöl, 700 m, Hub.-Mor. 5503! B3 Eskişehir: Eskişehir, 20 vi 1950, Reese! B4 Ankara: Beynam, D. 13077! B5 Kayseri: Kayseri to Yozgat, 1400 m, Bornm. 1890:2185! B6 Sivas: Churnavul-Dagh (Hornovil Da.), 1300-1400 m, Bornm. 1893:3459. B7 Diyarbakir: Ergani to Diyarbakir, 1060 m, Birand & Karamanoğlu 1956: 175! B9 Van: Toprakkale above Van, 1720 m, Hub.-Mor. 8218! B10 Ağri: Doğubayazit to Taşliçay nr Bulakbaşi, 2000 m, H. Demiriz 1956:3427! C2 Muğla: Muğla to Fethiye, 6 km above Gölçük, Hub.-Mor. 5504! C4 Antalya: Ghei-Dagh (Geyik Da.), 1500 m, vii 1845, Heldr. C6 Maraş: 42 km N. of Gaziantep, 760 m, Hub.-Mor. 11814! C9 Hakkari: 56 km N. of Çölemerik, Birand & Karamanoğlu 1956:437!
Endemic.
var. transcaspicum Murb., Monogr. Verbascum 278 (1933). Fl. 5-8. Dry slopes, steppe, to 1850 m.
Lectotype: [Transcaspia] Aschabad, Suluklü (Saratowka) ad fines Persiae, in decliv. montium, 12 vii 1900, Sintenis 800 (holo. LD, iso BRNM, G).
Easternmost Anatolia. B9 Ağri: 12 km from Taşliçay to Karaköse, 1850 m, H. Demiriz 1956: 3451 ! Van: 18 km from Erciş to Patnos, Birand & Karamanoğlu 1956:493!
Transcaucasia, Iran.
var. cataonicum (Hand.-Mazz.) Murb., Monogr. Verbascum 277 (1933). Syn: V. shepardii Post, Fl. Syr. 20 (1896); V. cataonicum Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 27:400, f. 1 & t. 18 f. 13(1913). Fl. 6-9. Steppe, pastures, rocks, 1200-2370 m.
Type: [Turkey B7 Malatya] am Hange des Gök Tepe gegen Kumik im kataonisches Taurus zwischen Kjachta (Kahta) und Malatya auf Glimmerschiefer zwischen Astragalus - Polstern mit Verb. tempskyanum, 2000 m, 16 vii 1910, Handel-Mazzetti 2287 holo.W).
S. & E. Anatolia. B6 Maraş: Beryt-Dagh (Berit Da.), 1800-2100 m, 1865, Hausskn. B7 Malatya: Kube Da. between Malatya and Pütürge, pass, 1730 m, Hub.-Mor. 8815! B9 Van: Hoşap to Başkale, S. side of Çuh pass, 2340-2370 m, Hub.-Mor. 10641! C5 Adana: Koca Çukur Y. above Pozanti, 1750 m, Hub.-Mor. 16054! C6 Adana: Amanus, Yağlipinar Da., above Yarpuz, 1750-1900 m, Hub.-Mor. 16055! Maraş: Akher Da. (Ahir Da.), 2000-2300 m, Haradj. 1627.
Iraq.
var. pisidicum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Murb., Monogr. Verbascum 279 (1933). Syn: V. pisidicum-Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(12): 16 (1853). Fl. 6-8. Pastures, mountain steppe, 1200-1800 m.
Type: [Turkey C3 Isparta] in fruticetis apricis regionis inferioris montis Boudroun Pisidiae ad meridiem urbis Isbarta, c. 610 m [6 viii 1845], Heldreich 1136 (holo. G!).
C. & S.W. Anatolia. B3 Konya: Sultan Da. above Akşehir, 1600 m, Bornm. 1899:5353! C2 Denizli: Honaz Da., Kabardiç Y., A.Baytop (ISTE 25724a)! C3 Isparta: Çiçek Da., 1800 m, Sorger 66-50-44! C4 Konya: 54 km from Bozkir to Hadim, 1200 m, Hub.-Mor. 8253!
Endemic.
var. heldr'eichii Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:326 (1879). Syn: V. stenophyllum Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. ser. 1(12): 17 (1853). Fl. 6-8. Rocky slopes, pastures, 900-2400m.
Syntypes: [Turkey C3 İsparta] in regione superiori montis Boudroun Pisidiae, 915-1830 m, [6 viii 1845,] Heldreich 1137 (G!); montibus Isauriae supra Ermenek, [1370 m, 27 vi 1845,] Heldreich 994 (G!); [C3 Konya] monte Anemas Lycaoniae ad nives, 2440 m, [19 viii 1845,] Heldreich 1212 (G!).
S. Anatolia. C3 Isparta: Dedegöl Da., Oruz Gaz Y., 1600 m, D. 15949! d. Eğridir, Barla Da., 2000 m, Khan et al. 374!
Endemic.
var. obtusiusculum Hub.-Mor. in Candollea 12:204 (1949). Fl. 6. Pastures, Quercus scrub, 1360-1520 m.
Syntypes: [Turkey C4] Konya: Karaman-Ermenek, 66 km nach Karaman, 1520 m, 8 vi 1948, Huber-Morath 8733 (Hb. Hub.-Mor.!); Bozkir-Hadim, Quercetum 49 km nach Bozkir, 1360 m, 15 vi 1948, Reese & Huber-Morath {Hub.-Mor. 8254) (Hb. Hub.-Mor.!).
Endemic. S. Anatolia. This invasive species is related to V. speciosum (225) and occurs in both Irano-Turanian and E. Mediterranean regions.