Asteraceae |
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Gundelia tournefortii L. var. armata FREYN ET SINT. |
Gundelia L. |
G. tournefortii L., Sp. Pl. 814 (1753). K. Karamanoğlu in Türk Biol. Derg. 14:5-9 (1964). Figure 1, p. 3; figure 2, p. 9. Map 36, p. 359. Plant 20-100 cm. Stems erect, branched, often shining, glabrous or sparsely arachnoid. Leaves rigid, glabrous or arachnoid, with prominent nerves, lanceolate-in outline, sessile or base decurrent into spiny stem-wings, pinnatifid to sub-2-pinnatisect, with spiny-dentate margins; lower leaves 7-30x4.5-16 cm, those above decreasing in size. Heads solitary, 2-5 x 2-4 cm excl. bracts. Bracts spiny-margined, ovate-acuminate and scarcely exceeding capitula or apex prolonged into a hard subterete or flattened spine up to 7 cm. Capitulum 7-17 mm long, incl. exserted corollas. Flowers c. 4-8. Capitula at time of dispersal obovoid to tetragonal,10-16x5-9 mm. Fertile achene smooth, ovoid. Fl. 5-6. Rocky limestone & igneous slopes, steppe, nr salt lakes, open woodland,fallow fields,100-2500 m. 1. Bracts greatly exceeding flowers, with apex prolonged into (1 .5-)2.5-7 cm spine; leaves pinnatifid var. armata 1. Bracts not or only slightly exceeding flowers, apical spine less than 1.5 cm 2. Leaves sub-2-pinnatisect, divided almost to rachis; primary segments narrowly triangular, finely spiny var. tenuisecta 2. Leaves pinnatifid; segments broadly triangular, coarsely spiny var. tournefortii var. armata Freyn & Sint. in Öst. Bot. Zeitschr. 42:168 (1892). Type: [Turkey B7 Erzincan] Egin (Kemaliye) in monte Hodschradur-Dagh, 3 vi 1890, Sintenis 2577 (iso. LD!). Inner & S. Anatolia. B5 Nevşehir: 70 km W. of Kayseri, 1200 m, Sorger 64-22-26! B9 Bitlis: Tatvan, 1990 m, Tong 84! C5 Adana: E. of Gülek Boğazi, 2000 m, Sorger 62-71-40! C6 Gaziantep: Kefre nr Birecik, Sint. 1888:607! Maraş: Ahir Da., 1000 m, Balls 972! C7 Diyarbakır: Karacadağ, 1490 m, E.S.Brown 623! The following specimens are intermediate between var. tenuisecta and var. armata, having both sub-2-pinnatisect leaves and long-spined bracts. B6 Malatya: Doğanşehir, 1400 m, Stn. & Hend. 5477! B7 Erzincan: Sandik nr Egin (Kemaliye), Sint. 1890:2429! C6 Maraş: Maraş to Göksun, nr Yemiş Da., 600 m, D. 27512! Gundelia tournefortii s.l. has also been recorded from the following localities: A3 Ankara: Beypazarı, Karamanoğlu (op. cit. p. 5); Bl Izmir: Aliağa, Kara-manoğlu (op. cit. p. 5); C7 Adiyaman: Nemrut Da. nr Kahta, Hand.-Mazz. External distribution of species: Transcaucasia, Cyprus, W. Syria, Syrian Desert, N. Iraq, Iran (except S,), Transcaspia. Ir.-Tur. element. A tumbleweed. The species is collected and dried in summer, being stacked for winter fodder on the Anatolian plateau. A chewing-gum (called 'kenger sakizi') is made from the latex, and the seeds are used as coffee ('kenger kahvesi') after torrefaction. See Karamanoğlu, op. cit. |