| Asteraceae |
|---|
Onopordum acanthium L. |
 Onopordum acanthium L |
Onopordum L. |
| O. acanthium L., Sp. Pl. 827 (1753). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. 15: t. 813 (1853); Fiori, Ic. Fl. Ital. f. 3805 (1904). Biennial, 30-150 cm, sparsely to densely arachnoid. Stem erect, branched above into compound corymbs with 2-7 capitula, leafy and winged throughout; wings 2-4, spinose and sinuate; spines 2-11 mm. Basal leaves elliptic; cauline leaves becoming linear-lanceolate upwards, pinnatilobed, lobes triangular with 2-11 mm spine. Capitula on winged leafy stems. Involucre globose, 2-3 x 2-6 cm (excl. spines), with flat to concave base; phyllaries slender, subulate, 7-25 x 2-3 mm (incl. spine), gradually attenuate from 2-3 mm broad base to 2-6 mm weak yellow spine, glabrous to slightly arachnoid; outer and median phyllaries reflexed to patent, inner erect. Flowers longer than inner phyllaries. Pappus hairs barbellate, lateral projections 0.5-1.5 x as long as rachis width. Fl. 6-8. Rocky slopes, screes, clearings in forests, roadsides and weed in fields, 600-2600 m. Lectotype designated here: [E. Germany] Misnia (nr Dresden), Bohemia, Bavaria, Burser, Hortus Siccus 21:44 (UPS photo!). Widespread in E. Anatolia; local in N. & S.W. Anatolia. A2(A) Istanbul: Kadiköy, 22 xii 1912, Azn.! A5 Kastamonu: Tosya, Sint. 1892:4917! A7 Gümüşane: Taltaban, Sint. 1894:6286! A8 Çoruh: Çoruh gorge between Artvin & Borçka, 600 m, D. 29991! B4 Ankara: Kayaş, Krause. B7 Diyarbakir: Khan Kezzin to Arghany (Ergani), B.Post 424! B8 Erzurum: Erzurum, Zohrab! B9 Van: Başkale, Ispiriz Da., 2600 m, D. 23731! B9/10 Ağri: Bazargan to Doğubayazit, Rech. 37654! B10 Kars: Pamuk Da., Iğdir to Doğubayazit, 1500 m, D. 47042! C3 Isparta: Dedegöl Da., 1300 m, Sorger 68-43-33! C8 Mardin: Mardin, Sint. 1888:1202! C9 Hakkari: Zab gorge, 32-45 km from Çukurchas probably been long naturalized in Europe, where it reaches much bigger vegetative dimensions than in Turkey. It occupies secondary habitats in Europe, while in Turkey (and N. Iraq) it has a rather distinctive distribution pattern (pre-dominantly eastern) and grows in primary habitats as well, e.g. screes and rocky slopes. White-flowered populations occur. Hybrid populations with O. tauricum (q.v.) occur in S. France. a to Hakkari, 900-1000 m, D. 44785! C. Asia to W. Europe. Introduced in N. America. It seems that O. acanthium |