Liliaceae

A. anacoleam Hand.-Mazz. in Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien 28:17, f. 2(1914). Ic:Rech. fil, Fl. Iranica 76:t. 3 f. 28(1971). Figure 4. Mapl5.
Bulb ovoid, 1-2 cm diam.; outer tunics blackish. Stem 7-25 cm, covered for at least 2/3 of its length and often almost to tip by sheath of uppermost leaf. Leaves 3-4, fistulose-filiform, c. 0.5 mm broad, swollen at base of lamina, much shorter than stem; lower spirally twisted when dried, uppermost one minute. Spathe 5-8 mm, sometimes with very broad base, much shorter than umbel. Umbel hemispherical, 1.5-2(-2.5) cm diam., many-flowered. Pedicels 5-9 mm, bracteolate. Perianth campanulate; segments mauve, purple, pinkish-lilac, pale pink or dirty white, c. 3.5 mm, outer elliptic-oblong, inner ovate-lanceolate, acutish. Filaments almost 1.5 x perianth, outer filiform, inner broader and with or without small teeth at base. Anthers yellow. Capsule c. 4 mm. Fl. 7-8. Subhumid pastures, dry rocky slopes, 2400- c. 3500 m.
Syntypes: [Turkey Bl Elaziğ] Serpentinfelsen auf dem niedrigeren Gipfei des Hasarbaba Dagh am Göldschik (Quellsee des westlichen Tigris) bei Kharput (Harput), 2450-2480 m, 29 vii 1910, Handel-Mazzetti 2609 (WU); [B8 Bitlis] Kalkgestein um den Gipfei des Meleto Dagh (Meretug Da.) im Sassun, Vilayet Bitlis, 2900-3150 m, 11 viii 1910, Handel-Mazzetti 2751 (WU).
E.Anatolia. C9 Hakkari: Kara Da., 3505 m, D. 24453! Siirt: d. Ramorân, Halakur-Dar (Herakol Da.) N. of Ğeziret-ibn-Ômar (Cizre), 2400 m, Nâbelek 2338. C1O Hakkari: Cilo Da., 10 km W. of Cilo Tepe, 3140 m, D. 24144!
N. Iraq. Ir.-Tur. element. Closely related to A. capitellatum Boiss. from N. Iran. An important diagnostic character of A. anacoleum is the small hardened inflation just at the transition of leaf sheath to lamina. This inflation persists after drying but cannot always be seen clearly in herbarium material since the leaves are often missing. Apart from the presence of this inflation, A. anacoleum also differs from A. capitellatum in its yellow (not usually dark purple) anthers and in the stem bearing leaves beyond 2/3 of its length (in A. capitellatum the leaves are borne only to half-way up the stem). Specimens from S.E. Anatolia cannot be identified with certainty as A. capitellatum. One specimen from Barcelan plateau (C9 Hakkari), cited by Koyuncu in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 38:419 (1980) and previously determined by me as A capitellatum, is poorly developed with short, hardly exserted filaments (in A. capitellatum they are 1.5-2 x as long as the perianth).