Liliaceae

T. orphanidea Boiss. ex Heldr. in Gartenfioia i 1:309, t. 373 (1862). Syn: 7*. bithynica Griseb. ex Baker in J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 14:282 (1874)? T. hageri Heldr. in Gartenflora 23:97, t. 790 (1874)! T. thracica Davidov in Spis. Balg. Akad. Nauk. 12:118 (1915); T. hellespontica Degenin Mag. Bot. Lap. 32:145 (İ933); T. haystii O. Schwarz in Feddes Rep. 36:69 (1934); T. whittallii A.D. Hall, Genus Tuiipa 64 (1940). Ic: Bot. Mag. Î02: t. 6242 (İ876),as T. hageri; Bot. Mag. 103: t. 6310 (1877). Map 47.
Tunics hard, brittle, dark brown, with ring of hairs around basal plate, bristly at neck. Leaves 2-7, to 20 x 2 cm, linear-oblong. Stern glabrous, pub-erulous or pubescent. Flowers 1-4, globular to stellate, yellowish-orange to bright or brownish-red with dark blotch, very rarely yellow, tinged red, without a blotch; outer perianth segments ± buff with some greea outside, 30-60 x 10-18 mm; inner brighter, 30-60 x 12-21 mm. Filaments 10-13 mm, anthers 7-12 mm, dark; pollen dark. Ovary glabrous or pubescent. 2n =24. FL 4-5, Pinus nigra forest, fields, roadsides, s.i.-l 700 m.
Type: [Greece] am Berge Maievo (bei Hagios Petros und Xerokampi) im östlichen Laconien, Orphanides 843.
W. Turkey, Islands(?). A1(E) Tekirdağ: Naipköy to Isikiar, A. & T. Bay-top (ISTE 10861)! Edirne: Keşan to Ipsala, nr Korucuköyü, A. Baytop & Öktem (ISTE 17648)! Çanakkale: Helles, Ingoldby 100! A2(E) Istanbul: Değirmenköy, Silivri, T. Baytop (ISTE 12487)! A2(A) Bursa: Armutlu, Demiriz & Tutel (ISTF 5125)! Istanbul: Beykoz, T. Baytop (ISTE 22202)! Bl Çanakkale: Bayramiç to Etili, Kayaciik & Yalt. (ISTO 3754)! Izmir: Bornova, T. Baytop (ISTE 21462)! ibid., 800-900 m, O. Schwarz 241 (syntype of T. hayatii). Manisa: nr Gölcük, T. Baytop (ISTE 6501)! Balıkesir: Edremit, vii 1960, Kayacik! B2 Kütahya: . Simav, Kiçir to Ak Da., 1700 m, Coode & Jones 2671! CI Aydin: Söke Da., A.&T.Baytop(ISTE 19172)! C2DenizIİ: Cadmus (Honaz Da.), 1842, Boiss. (syntype of T. bithynica)\ Muğla: Muğla to Fethiye, A. Baytop! C3 İsparta: 28 km from Burdur to Kandili, Marais 1504! Antalya: Kumluca, Adrasan köy, s. 1-150 m, Peşmen & Güner_4251! Is: Lesvos, mt. Petrovani, Cand. (doubtful).
S.E. Balkans, Crete, E. Medit. element. Plants with hairy sterns and ovaries have been described as T. thradca and T. hellespontica and accepted as such by T. Baytop (1st. Ecz. Fak. Mec. 11:167-170, 1975); however, there are intermediates from Çanakkale, Balikesir and Izmir. Tetrapîoid (2n = 48) plants from the Izmir area have been described as T. whittallii. T. Baytop has collected plants from one population on Manisa Da. which would fit four of the synonyms, ,as well as some without hairs on the filaments.
Sect. Tuiipa. Lowest leaf lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, not paraiiel-sided. Young flowers campanuiate to globular or stellate, rounded at base. Outer perianth segments longer and wider than inner. Filaments without swollen, hairy base. Stigma generally wide.