F. carica L., Sp. Pl. 1059 (1753).
Shrub or tree to 10 m or more tall. Young twigs green, later brown, usually puberulent; older ones grey, smooth, thick and rigid, feebly branched. Leaves deciduous, large, 5-20(-35) cm long and broad, sometimes broader than long, ± deeply 3-5(-7)-lobed or entire, usually cordate, scabrid, often ± pubescent beneath, exceptionally almost glabrous; margin undulate-crenate to dentate, mainly in upper part; petiole 2-8(-10) cm, thick. Syncarp single, 2-3 cm (to 8 cm in cultivated forms), pyriform or depressed-globose, on short stipe or sessile, greenish, yellowish to violet, glabrous or puberulent. Fl. 3-4, 5-6, 8-9. Open places and mixed forests, stony slopes in river valleys, in fissures of rocks, 10-1770 m.
1. Leaves large, usually more than 10 cm, ± lobate, sometimes entire, roundish in outline; strong shrubs or trees subsp. carica
1. Leaves smaller, usually less than 10 cm, entire, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, acute; small shrubs subsp. rupestris
subsp. carica. Syn: F. carica L. var. genuina Boiss., Fl. Or. 4:1154 (1879);.F. colchica Grossh. in Izv. Azerb. Fil. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1-2:111 (1939); F. hyrcana Grossh., loc. cit. (1939). Ic: Hegi, I11. Fl. Mittel-Eur. ed. 2, 3(1): t. 87 f. 1 (1957); Fl. Armenii 4: t. 37 (1962).
Described from S. Europe & Asia (Caria, S.W. Turkey) (Hb. Linn. 1240/1).
Widespread, especially in Outer Anatolia. A1(E) Kirklareli: nr Iğneada, Grisebach. A2(E) Istanbul: Thérapia (Tarabya), 1890, Azn. (cultivated)! A2(A) Bilecik: Osmaneli to Bilecik, nr Selimiye, 100 m, D. 36339! A3 Zon-guldak: 10 km W. of Kozlu, 5-10 m, D. 37555! A4 Kastamonu: nr Inebolu, Czeczott 632. A5 Sinop: Ince Burun, 30 m, Tobey 1631! A6 Ordu: Fatsa to Ünye, Zeybek. A7 Trabzon: d. Maçka, Esiroğlu, Calyan De., 160 m, Anşin (ISTO 16209)! A8 Erzurum: 5 km N. of Tortum G., 1000 m, D. 47643! B1 Izmir: nr Çesme, cultivated?, 1977, Browicz obs.! B3 Eskişehir: Mihaliççik, Gevizleyik De., 800 m, Ekim 705! B7 Malatya: Arga (Akçadağ) to Malatya, 1906, B. & G. Post! B8 Elaziğ: 40 km W. of Bingöl, 1350 m, Sorger 77-83-7! C1 Aydin: Kuşadasi, Samsun Da., Kayacik & Yalt. (ISTO 3392)! C2 Muğla: nr Köyceğiz, D. 13567! C3 Antalya: d. Kemer, Kesmeçay forest district, Tan-tali section, 400 m, Iyicil & Somer (ISTO 5842)! C5 Adana: d. Feke, Göksu gorge below Himmetli, 700-800 m, D. 19859! C6 Gaziantep: nr Oral, Aintab (Gaziantep) to Nisib (Nizip), 1865, Haussknecht (cultivated)! Is: Tokmakia Is., (N.E. of Lesvos), Barbalias, 30-40 m, Edmondson & McClintock 2470! Leros, Iconomopoulos; Rodhos, Faenz to Salakos, Mazzochi.The subspecies is wild or naturalised from the E. Mediterranean to Turk-menia and Tadzhikistan. The principal areas of cultivation in Turkey are in the valleys of the Küçük and Büyük Menderes.