Poaceae

G. plicata (Fries) Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec.Mant. 3:176(1842). Syn: G. fluitans (L.) R. Br. subsp. plicata Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. 2:6 (1839). Ic: Reichb., Ic. Fl. Germ. ed. 2: t. 79 (103) f. 381 (1850); Fl. Iraq 9: t. 43 (1968). Map 102.
Subaquatic perennial with short rootstock. Stems tufted, prostrate at base and rooting at lower nodes, erect-ascending, to 80 cm, glabrous. Leaf sheaths compressed, glabrous; ligule 3-5 mm, lacerate at apex. Leaf blades flat or folded, 2.5-8(-10) mm broad, dark to bluish-green, acuminate, margins and both surfaces scabridulous. Panicle lax, 10-40 cm, branches glabrous or slightly scabridulous. Spikelets disarticulating in fruit, 8-20 mm, 8-13-flowered, linear-oblong. Glumes elliptic-ovate, 1-veined, obtuse or broadly subacute; lower ovate, 1.5-2.2 mm; upper 2.5-3.5(-4) mm. Lemmas conspicuously 7-veined, broadly elliptic to obovate, 3-4.5(-5) mm, greyish-green, sometimes tipped or suffused purple, scabridulous on veins, obtuse, upper 1/3-1/2 with slightly crenulate, hyaline margins. Palea narrowly oblong-obovate, shorter than or equalling lemma, 2-denticulate; keels winged towards apex. Anthers linear, 1-1.3 mm, yellow. Caryopsis oblong-ellipsoid, c. 2.5 mm, dark brown. [2n = 40]. Fl. 5-9. Streams and riversides, in Abies, Picea or Pinus sylvestris forest, open meadow, water meadows, marshy valleys, freshwater lakes on limestone or volcanic substrate, sandy flood plains, pools and ditches by roadside, always in wet and humid places, 200-2300 m.
Type: [Sweden] copiose legi in maritimis ad Varberg, Fries 91 (holo. UPS, iso.K!).
Widespread. A1(E) Kırklareli: Poyrali, 200 m, A. Baytop (ISTE 13229)! A2(E) Istanbul: Arnavoutkeuy (Arnavutköy), 4 vi 1900, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Hunkiar Iskélessi, 11 v 1902, Azn. (as var. platyphylla Azn.)! A3 Bolu: 26 km W. of Gerede, 1100 m, Sorger 71-2-28! A4 Ankara: d. Kizilcahamam, Işik Da., Khan et al. 728! A5 Kastamonu: Tosya, Kös Da. Bölgesi, 1800 m, Kilinç 7335! A6 Tokat: nr Tokat, Yeşilirmak valley, Fidanlik, Çetik 111! A7 Gümüşine: Büyükdere above Artabir (Ertabil), Sint. 1894:7382! A8 Rize: 18-24 km S.E. of Çamlihemşin, 1500-1600 m, Sorger 80-56-22! A9 Kars: Çildir G., A. Baytop (ISTE 33426)! Bl Izmir: Smyrna (Izmir), Renaud! B2 Bursa: Tahtaköprü forest between Inegöl and Domaniç, 1100 m, D. 36387! B3 Afyon: Çay, 1300 m, A. Baytop (ISTE 28974)! B4 Ankara: Elmadağ to Kirikkale, A. Baytop (ISTE 15224)! B5 Yozgat: Akdağmadeni to Büyük Nalbant Da., 1900 m, Coode & Jones 2038! B6 Maraş: d. Göksun, Höbek Da., 1700 m, D. 20214! B7 Erzincan: Sipikör, Pirinbaghre (Firinbahçe), Sint. 1890:3560! B8 Erzurum: c. 15 km from Erzurum to Pasinler, 1950 m, D. 47458! B9 Ağri: W. of Yoncali, c. 10 km E. of Ağri, 1650 m, Uotila 19548! Van: 4 km E. of Çaldiran, 2200 m, Sorger 81-43-1! B10 Van: 5 km N.E. of Başkale, 2150 m, D. 45865! C2 Muğla: Tavaş, Bilger 190! C5 Içel: Bolkar Da., Arslanköy, Alpinar (ISTE 35830)! C6 Adiyaman: Gölbaşi lake, 900 m,Kit-Tan 2097! C7 Urfa: E. banks of Euphrates (Firat), towards Hilvan, 500 m, Sorger 80-28-31! C8 Mardin: 24 km from Mardin to Diyarbakır, 1000 m, D. 28699! C9 Hakkari: 2 km N.W. of Hakkari, 2000 m, Sorger 81-27-11! Is: Kos, Hansen 395.
Widespread species in Europe, S.W. to C. Asia (Turkmenia) and N.W. Africa.