Poaceae

T. turgidum L., Sp. PI. 86 (1753). Syn: T. compositum L., Syst. Pl. ed. 13:108 (1774); T. sativum Lam. var. turgidum (L.) Delile, Fl. Aeg. Illustr. 53 (1813) et Fl. d'Egypte Expl. t. 14 f. 2(1813); J. aestivum L.var. turgidum (L.) Fiori, Fl. Anal. Ital. 1:108 (1896); T. aestivum L. subsp. turgidum (L.) Domin in Preslia 13-15:43 (1935); T. durum Desf. subsp. turgidum (L.) V. Dorof. in Sel'skokhoz. Biol. 3(3):456 (1968) comb.'illegit.
Annual. Stems solitary, 120-170 cm, thick-walled, ± solid, smooth, glab-rous throughout. Leaf sheaths glabrous. Leaf blades linear-acuminate, 8-18 mm broad, often ± glaucous, softly pilose, later glabrescent. Spikes stout, nodding, ovate-cylindrical, 4.5-7 cm, dense, oblong to nearly square in cross-section, sometimes branched below. Rachis tough, densely ciliate, internodes (2.5-)3.5-4 mm. Spikelets 5-7-flowered, 2-5 fertile. Glumes broadly ovate, 8-10 mm, coriaceous, glabrous, puberulent or villous-pubescent, keeled throughout, yellowish to purplish-black. Keels 2, one prominently crested, veined, ciliate-scabridulous, terminating in 1-2 mm apical tooth, other less developed. Fertile lemma navicular, 10-13(-14) mm, glabrous or villous-pubescent towards mar-gins, with 8-18 cm scabrid yellow to blackish awn. Caryopsis ellipsoid, c. 7 mm. Endosperm mealy. 2n = 28. Fl 5-6. Cultivated, 40-1050 m.
Described without locality (Hb. Linn. 104/2!).
W. Turkey & S.E. Anatolia. A2(E) Istanbul: Chichli (Şisli) to Kiathane (Kağithane), 21 v 1901, Azn.! A2(A) Istanbul: Cartal (Kartal) to Soğanlı, 2 vii 1893, Azn. (as var. iodurum Alep.)! B9 Bitlis: 12 km W. of Beşiri, 830 m, 10 viii 1972, Spencer 0201! Cl Izmir: Kuşadası, 40 m, Sorger 65-9-62! C8 Mardin: 29 km S. of Savur, 1050 m, Spencer 0501 p.p.!
Cultivated as a cereal (rivet or cone wheat) mainly in S. Europe, N. Iraq, S. Iran & W. Pakistan.