Rubiaceae

G. tricornutum Dandy in Watsonia 4:47 (1957). Syn: G. tricorne Stokes in With., Bot. Arr. Brit. PL, ed. 2, 1:153 (1787) p.p.; G. pisiferum Boissieu in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 43:285 (1896) non Boiss. (1849). Ic: Sowerby, Engl. Bot., ed. 3,4: t. 659(1865).
Annual, 10-60(-100) cm, with scrambling, flaccid, quadrangular, retrorsely scabrid stems. Leaves in whorls of 6-8, 10-30(-35) x (1.5-)2-4(-8) mm, linear-oblanceolate to oblanceolate, long-acuminate, with retrorsely (at apex an-trorsely) aculeolate flat margins and midrib, glabrous on both surfaces. Thyrses elongate, axillary cymes l-5(-7)-flowered, usually scarcely longer than leaves, sometimes distinctly longer. Peduncles (5-)8-15(-20) mm; pedicels 1-8 mm, stout and curved downwards and inwards after flowering. Central flowers hermaphrodite, lateral male. Corolla white, cup-shaped, l-2(-2.5) mm diam., with ovate-oblong, acute lobes. Mericarps single or paired, 2.5-5(-6) mm, densely covered with acute verruculae. Fl. 4-6(-7). Cultivated and waste ground and other dry, open habitats, 10-1800 m.
Described from the Isle of Wight, England.
Widespread. A1(E) Çanakkale: 25 km N. of Gelibolu, 10 m, Sorger 68-2-22! A2(A) Istanbul: Antigoni, 29 v 1909, Wimmer 197! A3 Bolu: 26 km E. of Bolu, W. of Gerede, 980 m, Uotila 19964! A4 Ankara: 22 km N.W. of Ankara, 900 m, Sorger 71-62-21! A5 Çorum: 5 km from Çorum to Merzifon, 800 m, Coode & Jones 1823! A6 Tokat: 15 km S. of Tokat, on road to Sivas, 14 vi 1939, Reese! A7 Trabzon: nr Trabzon, 30 m, Hand.-Mazz. 296! A8 Çoruh: above Artvin, 850 m, D. 30021! A9 Kars: Kars to Susuz, 1800 m, D. 29583! Bl Izmir: above Bornova, 8 v 1931, Reese! B3 Afyon: 27 km S. of ■ Emirdağ on road to Bolvadin, 1100 m, Coode & Jones 2340! B4 Ankara: 42 km N.W. of Kulu, 1000 m, Sorger 73-2-21! B5 Niğde: nr Ovacık, 1400 m, Siehe 1898:108! B7 Sivas: Divriği, Demir Da., T. Baytop (ISTE 12998)! C2 Denizli: Honaz Da., 1200 m, Sorger 64-51-18! C3 Burdur: 40 km S. of Burdur, road to Antalya, Sorger 63-42-23! C4 Konya: 21 km N. of Karaman, 1000 m, Sorger 66-36-33! C6 Hatay: above Iskenderun, 100-300 m, D. 26968! C7 Urfa: 22 km from Urfa to Viranşehir, 500 m, D. 42298! (see note below). C8 Mardin: 10 km from Gercüş to Hasankeyf, 700-800 m, D. 43016! Is: Lesvos, Cand.; Khios, Orphanides; Samos, Rech. 3648; Rodhos, Danish Exped.
S., W. & C. Europe, Caucasia, Iraq, Iran, C. Asia to Kashmir, Tibet; introduced elsewhere. Medit. element. The following plants from E. Anatolia are remarkable for their large mericarps to 6 mm and peduncles up to twice as long as leaves: D. 28006 from C6 Gaziantep: Kizilhisar De. between Gaziantep and Kilis and D. 42298 (see above).