Scrophulariaceae

E. pectinata Ten., Prodr. Fl. Nap. 36 (1811). Syn: E. tatarica Fischer ex Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2:777 (1825); E. townsendiana Freyn ex Wettst. in Engler & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 4(3b): 101 (1893); E. kurdica Rech. fil. in Symb. Bot. Upsal. 1 1(5):43 (1952)! non Kem.-Nath. (1956); E. caucasica Juz. in Not. Syst. (Leningrad) 17:360 (1955); E. georgica Kem.-Nath. in Zam. Sist. Geogr. Rast. 19:24 (1956)! lc: Wettstein, op. cit. t. 3 f. 101-1 10 (1896), as E. pectinata; t. 3 f. 127-134, as E. tatarica; t. 7 f. 1, as E, tatarica; t. 7 f. 2, as E. pectinata; t. 7 f. 3, as E. townsendiana. Map: Yeo, op. cit. 58 (1976).
Stem to 30(-40) cm, with 0-3 pairs of erect branches. First flower at (3rd-)4th-7th(-8th) node. Leaves with to 4(-6) pairs of teeth, setulose, sometimes with stalked glandular hairs, stalks to 5 x as long as heads. Lower bracts to 14 mm, ovate, trullate or oblong-ovate, often adpressed to calyx; teeth (2-)4-6(-7) pairs, acute, acuminate or aristate, as long as broad or much longer, basal antrorse, distant from base. Corolla 6-9 mm, lower lip relatively small. Capsule (4.5-)5.5-7(-8.5) mm, slightly or much shorter than calyx, (2.3-)3-4 x as long as broad, Fl. 5-8. Wood margins, hay fields, alpine pastures, (in E. Turkey, usually in damp places), s. 1.-2900 m.
Described from Italy.
Widespread. A1(E) Kirklareli: Istranca Da. nr Velika, Bauer et at. 2536! A2(A) Bursa: Ulu Da., Kirazli, 1450-1500 m, Hub.-Mor. 15486! A3 Bolu: Abant G., 1350 m, A. & T. Bay/op (1STE 18421)! A4 Zonguldak: Keltepe, above Karabük, 1700 m, D. 38883! A5 Kastamonu; d.Tosya, Omarcik Da., Sint. 1892:4491! A6 Samsun: Kizilay Kampi beach area, 5 m, Tobey 279! A7 Giresun: Balaban Da., above Tamdere, 1800 m, D. 20507! A8 Erzurum: pass between Tortum and Oltu, 2300 m, D. 47613 ! A9 Kars: S.W. side of Kisir Da., 2400 m, D. 30492! B2 Kütahya: Murat Da. above Gediz, between Hamam and Kesik Söğüt, 1200 m,
D. 36714! B5 Kayseri: 6 km E. of Bakir Da., 1300 m. Hub.-Mor. 11575! B6 Sivas: 8 km N. of Sivas (Karacayir), 1350 m, Sorger 70-19-47! B7 Erzincan: d. Egin, Paschtasch (Bağiştaş) to Deliklütasch, Sint. 1889:949! B8 Erzurum: Erzurum to Ispir, Serçeme De., 46 km N.W. of Erzurum, 1780 m, Hub.-Mor. 15492! B9 Van: 8 km N. of Çatak, D. 22979! B10 Kars: Pamuk Da., 20 km from Iğdir to Doğu-bayazit, 1600 m, D. 43866! C2 Denizli: Baba Da., 1500 m, D. 18440! C3 İsparta: Dedegöl Da. above Dedegöl tarn, 2500-2600 m, D. 16037! C4 Konya: d. Beyşehir, 54 km from Beyşehir to Akseki, 1300-1450 m, Hub.-Mor. 10505! C5 Içel: alpine Taurus, nr Gülek Maden, 1855, Bal. s.n. (as E. salisburgensis)! C9 Hakkari: Cilo Da., above Diz De., 2440 m, D. 23980! C10 Hakkari: Sat Da., above Yüksekova, 2900 m, Duncan & Tait 96!
W. Europe to S.W. Asia (incl. Iran & N. Iraq), eastwards to China; Morocco. Euro-Sib. element. A number of specimens from E. Turkey, including the type of
E. kurdica, have particularly long internodes, relatively little increase of leaf-sizealong the stem, and bracts with few teeth. Specimens from B9 Van (Halanduran Da., 3000 m, McNeil/ 649!) and C9 Hakkari (Kara Da., 2900 m, D. 24363!) are similar, but differ in having narrow leaves, the teeth of the middle leaves few (1-3, rarely 5 pairs), separated, and present only towards apex. This combination of characters suggests a narrow-leaved species of Series Petiolares (spp. 5-9), e.g. E. grossheimii Kem.-Nath.. but our plants have narrower teeth on the upper leaves and at present do not seem separable by key characters from E. pectinata. Apparent hybrids with E. minima subsp. davisii occur in N.W. Anatolia (A2(A) Bursa: Ulu Da. A.Baytop (ISTE 33694)!) and these may in turn have crossed with E. hirtella (q.v.).