Scrophulariaceae

V. biloba Schreber in L., Mant. 172 (1771). Ic: Fl. URSS 22: t. 16 f. 5 (1955); Fl. Kazakh. 8: t. 9 f. 3 (1965). Figure 23, p. 693.
Annual. Stems 3-10(-15) cm, pubescent, with usually 2 pairs of leaves. Leaves subglabrous, petiole 1-2 mm, lamina ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 8-20 x 3-12 mm, remotely serrate. Raceme 10-15(-30)-flowered, puberulent with short adpressed curved eglandular and some longer (0.1-0.2 mm) glandular hairs. Bracts lanceolate, entire. Fruiting pedicels erect-spreading to patent, (2-)5-8(-10) mm, 0.5-1.5 x bracts, straight or scarcely recurved. Calyx lobes(3.5-)4.5-7 x (l.5-)2.5-3.5(-4)mm in fruit, ovate, acuminate-acute, margins and nerves puberulent with 0.1-0.2 mm hairs (some glandular), otherwise subglabrous; sepal pairs connate for 0.7-1.5 mm (0.15-0.25 x calyx). Corolla blue, 2-4 mm diam. Style 0.5-0.8 mm, ¼-⅓ x sinus of capsule. Capsule not nodding, (2.5-)3.5-4 x (3-)4-5.5 mm, 2-lobed, sinus c. (1 .5-)2-2.5 mm (0.6 x capsule length), acute, lobes usually not divergent, puberulent with eglanduiar and/or glandular 0.1-0.2 mm hairs. Seeds c. 6-10, oblong, (1.4-)l.8-2.2 x (0.8-)l-l.2 mm, cymbiform, bright yellow, slightly reticulate-rugose. Fl. 5-6. Bare soils in open forests, scree, ruins, 1300-2700 m.
Type: [Turkey] inter Cappadociae segetes, D. Schreber (M?).
Mainly S. & Inner Anatolia. A4 Kastamonu/Çankiri: Ilgaz Da., pass above Karakol, 2000-2150 m, Bornm. 1929:14516! A5 Amasya: Ak Da., Bornm. 1889:788 p.p. (with V. bornmuelleri)'. A8 Rize: Cimil, 2030 m, Bal. 1866:1499! B3 Afyon: above Dereçine, 2000 m, A.Baytop (ISTE 29227)! B5 Kayseri: Erciyas Da., 2350 m, Sorger 77-38-21! B6 Sivas: Bey Da. S. of Zara, 2000 m, Stn. & Hend. 5281! B7 Erzincan: Egin (Kemaliye), Jailabaschi (Yaylabaşi), Sint. 1890:2487! B9 Van: Çuh pass, c. 2000 m, Watson et al. 1539! B10 Kars: N.E. slope of Ağri Da., nr Serdar Bulak, 2500 m, D. 43745! B/C1 Izmir/Aydin: top of Mesogis (Aydin Da.), vi 1842, Boiss.! C2 Antalya/Muğla: Ak Da., vi-vii 1968, Quézel et al.! C3 Isparta: Çiçek Da., 1600 m, Sorger 66-50-28! C4 Antalya: Geyik Da., c. 2700 m, vii 1849, Heldr.! C5 Niğde: N. of Cilician Gates (Gülek boğazi), Bal. 1855:690!
Caucasia, Iran, C. Asia, Himalayas. Ir.-Tur. element. No literature records have been accepted for V. biloba, V. bornmuelleri and V. campylopoda because of frequent misidentifications.